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caps391 winter 2023 > Lecture 19: Circulatory System 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 19: Circulatory System 1 Flashcards

1
Q

explain contents of mediastina

A

heart
large vessels
esophagus
trachea
thoracic aorta

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2
Q

explain borders of mediastina

A

bounded anteriorly by sternum and costal
cartilages, laterally by lungs, and posteriorly by the bodies of thoracic
vertebrae

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3
Q

explain subdivisions mediastina

A

divided into superior and infeior by a transverse plane passing thru sternal angle
superior mediastinum:

inferior mediastinum
middle mediastinum: heart & pericardium
anterior mediastinum: by ribs
posterior: by thoracic vertebrae

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4
Q

discuss external features heart

A

heart sulci- coronary sulcus separates atria from ventricles. anterior and posterior interventricular sulci are btw ventricles.

heart surfaces- anterior, inferior, left and right pulmonary surface

heart borderes- superior, right, eft, inferior

heart base- faces posteriorly, mainly left atrium

heart apex- formed by left ventricle and is directed anteriorly, inferiorly, to the left

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5
Q

discuss internal features heart

A

R atrium: receives venous blood from SVC, IVC, coronary sinus

R ventricle: pulmonary artery arises

L atrium: receives oxygenated venous blood from R and L pulmonar veins

L ventricle: aorta arises from here

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6
Q

explain blood supply/venous drainage heart

A

right atrium receives deozxygenated blood from entire body, passes it to right ventricle. right ventricle pupms blood to lungs, left atrium receives oxygenated blood from lungs, pumps to body

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7
Q

contents of superior mediastinum

A

Arch of aorta
R and L brachiocephalic veins
Inferior part of superior vena cava, azygos vein
Right and left phrenic and vagus nerves
Trachea, esophagus, thynus gland, thoracic duct

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8
Q

explain contents inferior mediastinum

A

anterior: thymus gland

middle: heart, pericardium, ascneindg aorta, pulmonary trunk/veins. phrenic nerves. bronchi

posterior: descending aorta, azygos and hemiazygos viens, vagus nerves, splachnic nerves, thoracic duct, esophagus

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9
Q

what is circled in orange? green? blye?

A

orange: anterior mediastinum

green: middle

blue: posterior

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10
Q
A
  1. right pulmonary surface
  2. diaphragm
  3. left pulmonary surface
  4. apex of heart (L side)
  5. inferior surface
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11
Q

what are the four corners of the surface anatomy of the heart?

A

Upper left corner= left 2nd intercostal space, 1 in ch away from midline

Upper right corner is right 3rd costal cartilage, 1 inch from mid

lower right corner is at 6th costal cartilage, 1 inch from midline

lower left corner is 5th intercostal soace, 3-4 inches from midline

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12
Q

what is the heart surrounded by? what is this made of?

A

=pericardial sac which is composed of outer layer (fibrous pericardium) and inner serous layer (serous pericardium)

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13
Q

what is the serous pericardium? whats it made of

A

inner layer of pericardium. hhas two layers

  1. parietal layer: lines inner surface of fibrous pericardium
  2. visceral layer: attaches to heart surface

pericardial cavity in btw the layers, filled with serous fluid

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14
Q

what is the visceral layer of serous pericardium AKA

A

epicardium (outermost part of heart)

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15
Q

what is the myocardium

A

middle muscular layer of heart

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16
Q

what is endocardium

A

inner layer of heart. blood.

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17
Q

which part of heart receives oxygen rich blood?

A

LEFT ATRIUM, then blood goes to left ventricle, blood pumped into systemic circulation

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18
Q

which part of heart receives deoxygenated bloo?

A

right atrium. pumped into right ventricle, then to lungs

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19
Q

label and explain fxn

A
  1. inferior vena cava= biggest vein in body. receives venous blood from lower limbs. drain into left atrium
  2. superior vena cava=receives venous blood from head, neck, upper limbs, thorax to left atrium
  3. pulmonary trunk: carries deoxygenated blood to lungs. divides into L and R arteries
20
Q
A

1:auricle of right atrium
2: corony sulcus/atrioventricular groove

3: auricle of left atrium
4: anterior interventricular sulcus

21
Q
A
  1. descending aorta
  2. arch of aorta
  3. SVC
  4. IVC
22
Q
A
  1. left ventricle
  2. left atrium
  3. r atrium
23
Q

label and explain fxn

A
  1. left pulmonary artery: gives oxygen poor blood to lungs
  2. left pulmonary veins: bring oxygenated blood to heart
  3. right pulonary artery
  4. right pulmonary vein
24
Q

label

A
  1. pulmonary trunk
  2. pulmonary veins
  3. interventricular septum
  4. IVC
  5. opening of coronary sinus
  6. R pulmonary vein
  7. SVC
25
Q

what is fossa ovalis?

A

remnant of embryonic foramen ovalis, that used to connect the R and L atrium.

located in R atrium

26
Q

with is ligamentum arteriosum

A

during fetal development, diverst blood from pulmonary trunk back to aorta. after birth it becomes fused, known as ductos aerolis in embryo

27
Q

what separates R and L ventricle

A

interventricular septum

28
Q

what valve separates L ventricle and atrium

A

left atrioventricular valve (Bicuspid/mitral)

29
Q

what valve separaates R atrium and ventricle

A

right atrioventricular valve (tripcuspid)

30
Q

what is the pulmonary valve?

A

prevents blood flowing back into right ventricle.
semilunar valve at beginnig of pulmonary artery

31
Q

what is aortic valve

A

at beginning of aorta, semilunar valve. prevents blood from flowing back to left ventricle

32
Q
A

1.traneculae canae
2. tricsupid valve (R atrioventricular)
3. mitral valve (L atrioventricular, bicuspid)
4. chordae tendinae
5. papillary muscles
6. interventricular semptum

33
Q

what are papillary muscles

A

thing muscles, control valves
connected to valve leaflets through chordae tendinae. prevent prolapse

34
Q

what are trabeculae canae

A

muscle ridges in right ventricle

35
Q

which major veins supply the right atrium? what type of blood

A

SVC, IVC, coronary sinus. deoxygenated blood

36
Q

which arteries does the left ventricle suppply? what type of blood

A

aorta, coronary and systemic artiers. oxygenated

37
Q

arterial supplyo of heart

A

= right and left coronary arteries

R: one branch= posterior interventricular artery. arises from right side ascending aorta, supplies RA and RV

L: two branches: anterior interventricular artery and circumflex artery. arises from left side ascending aorta

38
Q

what are the three major cardiac veins that drian the heart

A

great cardiac vein
middle cardiac vein
small cardiac vein

all drian into coronary sinus, which drains into RA

39
Q

SinoAtrial (SA) Node)

A

heart pacemaker. located on right atrium wall close to SVC opening

40
Q

Aterioventricular node (AV)

A

located on right side of interatrial septum close to opening of coronary sinus

41
Q
A
  1. SA node (pacemaker)
  2. AV node
42
Q

atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)

A

starts from AV node. give rise to Purkinje fibres that distribute to R and L ventricular walls

43
Q

how does electric impulse propagate in heart

A

starts from SA node, propagates through and contracts atrial walls before reaching AV node. impulse passes thru ventricular walls via AV bundle/Purkinje fibres and lead to ventricular contraction

44
Q

what affect does vagus nerve have on heart

A

PSN
decrease HR

arises from dorsal motor nucleus of vagus

45
Q

what effect do sympathetic nerves have on heart

A

increase HR and force of contraction. arise from sympathetic trunk ganglion at the thoracic spinal cord

46
Q

explain arterial supply heart

A

right coronary artery (from r side aorta) runs along r coronary sulcus. terminal branch= posterior interventricular artery

left coronary artery gives rise to anterior interventricular artery and circumflex artery

47
Q

explain venous drainaige heart

A

3 veins

great cardiac vein: runs in anterior IV sulcus
middle cardiac vein: runs in posterior IV sulcus
small: follows r side coronary sulcus

all drain int coronary sinus located in coronary sulcus on inferior surfaace heart

this drains into RA

caps391 winter 2023 (29 decks)

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