Lecture 16 Flashcards
Redox, the etc and chemiosmosis (22 cards)
Exergonic reactions
favourable, “downhill,” inrease entropy
energy drops in state
e.g. fire from a lighter
endergonic
unfavourable, “uphill,” decrease entropy
energy state increase
ex. photosynthesis (powered by light)
enzymes
- catalyze BOTH endergonic and exergonic reactions
- reduce activation energy
ATP
adenosine triphosphate
- energy currency in the cell
- used to power rxns that would often otherwise would not go forward
Redox reactions
reduction - oxidation
(oilrig electrons)
these are always paired
what compounds transfer electrons in our cells?
NADP, NADPH
Non redox reaction?
double displacement
the carbon cycle
the eternal circle in which life revolves but where matter only changes place
involves reducing CO2 to organic C & oxidize H2O to O2
AND oxididizing C to CO2 & reduce O2 to H2O
Membranes are like…
an electric circuit
chemiosmosis
the process by which ATP is synthesized in cells.
(proton gradient across membrane)
couples “downhill” electron transfer to “uphill” pumping of H+ / Na+
where does chemiosmosis occur
mitochondria during cellular respiration and chloroplasts during photosynthesis
what does the electron tower show
how different reactions have different energetic potential
oxygen as an electron acceptor
the best.
aerobic respiration is one of the greatest energy yielding reactions on earth
e&p flow during anaerobic vs aerobic respiration
aerobic greater energy gradient - pumping more!
pathogens possibilities for e flow
have more
methanogenesis
anaerobic respiration that generates methane as the final product of metabolism
methanotrophy
metabolism of microbes that use methane as primary carbon and energy source
done by the oxidation of methane
- reduces atmospheric methane levels
metabolic diversity : H2 oxidation in pathogens
allows them to exploit host-produced hydrogen as an energy source, aiding in persistence and colonization within the host.
tca cycle
citric acid cycle/ krebs cycle
PMF
proton motive force
electrochemical gradient of protons across a membrane
distance between donor and acceptor (electron tower)
determines how much energy is available
what are potential drug targets that would probably have limited side effects to human cells
processes / structures that are unique to microbes.
ex. pathogens have more possibilities for electron flow (prokaryotes have a vast metabolic diversity) - targetting some of these processes
