Lecture 19

Question 1

HGT / LGT

Answer 1

horizontal/ lateral gene transfer

transfer of genes not by parent to offspring

Question 2

limits on speed and effectiveness of natural plant breeding

Answer 2

slow full life cycle

Question 3

pangenome

Answer 3

The complete set of genes within a group of organisms

Question 4

Griffith experiment

Answer 4

rough (non-virulent) and smooth (virulent) bacteria injected into mouse… then smooth strain was killed with heat - didn’t infect the mice.

then heat-killed smooth strain and rough strain injected together and killed the mouse.

this was proof of HGT (virulent gene taken up by rough bacteria)

• discovered transformation

Question 5

Transformation (HGT)

Answer 5

direct uptake of DNA from surrounding enviro

Question 6

Conjugation

Answer 6

gene exchange through physical contact

Question 7

transduction

Answer 7

virus-dependent
“accidental”

Question 8

the mobilome in prokaryotes

Answer 8

mobile genetic elements

-prophage
-gene transfer agent
-plasmid
-integrative conjugative element

Question 9

homologous recombination

Answer 9

genetic recomb. between two similar/ identical molecules of nucleic acids

Question 10

human health implications of HGT

Answer 10

Antibiotic resistance, virulence factor spread

Question 11

evolutionary implications of HGT

Answer 11

evolution of eukaryotes (lokiarchaea evidence of acquired euk-like genes via HGT

HGT between domains