Lecture 21

Question 1

Different types of symbiosis

Answer 1

mutualism, commensalism, parasitism, neutralism, amensalism, competition

Question 2

holobiont

Answer 2

aka extended genome

when the host and symbiont are considered as a single unit that natural selection acts on

Question 3

hologenome

Answer 3

the collective genetic material of a holobiont

Question 4

proctorial trophallaxis

Answer 4

termites ingest liquid from each other to pass on ability to break down wood for sugars

• still vertically transmitted though

Question 5

human energy production w/out O2

Answer 5

lactic acid fermentation

Question 6

ex. of an anoxic enviro where fermentation occurs..?

Answer 6

termite guts

Question 7

methanobacterium thermoautotrophicus

Answer 7

isolated from hot sewage sludge

Question 8

termites

Answer 8

anaerobic eukaryotes that have lost their mitochondria

Question 9

ectosymbionts

Answer 9

organisms that live on the surface of another organism, or are physically separate from them, in a symbiotic relationship

Question 10

Yeti crabs

Answer 10

chemosynthetic symbioses

bacteria-farming spines (food)
found at deep-sea hydrothermal vents
surrounding water contains reduced chemicals and lots of oxygen

Question 11

symbiosis of yeti crabs and bacteria

Answer 11

they farm chemolithoautotrophic organisms eat them and produce new carbon

Question 12

mycorrhizae

Answer 12

symbiotic relationship that benefits both plant roots and fungi

helps with things like nutrient and water acquisition