Lecture 19- post midterm 2 Flashcards
(25 cards)
Aggressive Behaviour
An overt verbal or physical activity where the intent is to psychologically to physically injure another person
Behaviour Action of Aggression
-not emotion of feeling
-you can see when someone is aggressive because of what they are doing
Aggression can be
Verbal or Physical
-punching, kicking, slurs, swears
Aggression can be intended to physically or psychologically harm
-because there’s intention, that’s why it’s hard for officials to determine whether a players is aggressive
Aggression has to be directed towards
Another living organism
-has to be toward another person
-can’t be smacking your stick against the net
As the Reason of aggression changes, the type of aggression
Also changes
Hostile (reactive) Aggression
Reinforcement is seeing pain or injury inflicted
-they want to see somebody hurt, makes them feel more worthy, feel pleasure, etc
Instrumental Aggression
Reinforcement is a tangible reward, like money, victory, praise
-do it because you want to help win/ get a reward
-basically you are a tool
-intent isn’t to hurt or harm, but if someone gets in the way you’ll do it
Assertive Behaviour (not aggression)
Heighten physical behaviour where there is no intent to harm/ injure
-coaches saying lets get aggressive, not meaning to go hurt people but just to play with more intent and physical
Psychodynamic Theories
-we are born to be aggressive, its in our genes, its instinct
-because of this, we are going to see aggressive behaviour
-lots of the studies come from animal behaviours since they show it much more clearly than humans with their instincts
-something inside of us causes this aggression
Frustration- Aggression Theory
-aggression is linked to frustration
-when you see one, you’ll see the other somewhere
-frustration is you want something you can’t get
-frustration causes an aggressive drive resulting in aggressive behaviour
Aggression is
A natural response to frustration
-frustration is the response of being blocked
Revised Frustration- Aggression Hypothesis
-added in cues from environment
-frustrating events lead to the probability of aggression going up
-when people got into a room with a teacher and tennis rackets= less aggressive shocks
-room full of guns- teacher gave more aggressive shocks
When learners were with guns, they showed more aggressive behaviour why
-because guns are associated with violence
Aggression may not occur after frustration if:
1- been in the situation before (non aggressive behaviour is learned from it)
2- if the target (person who frustrated you) has inappropriate qualities (can’t touch referee)
Social Learning Theory
-learn to be aggressive by watching
-aggression is a learned social behaviour through modelling and social reinforcement
-can learn to be less aggressive by being reinforced for not being it
Moral Disengagement
-extension of social learning to moral behaviour
-individuals attempt to disengage themselves from deviant behaviour
-disengaging to our moral “compass” -where we will go in life, where we are headed
8 Methods of Moral Disengagement
Physiological Explanations
1- Brain Pathology (brain tumors)
2- Blood Chemistry (testosterone)
-more prominent in animals
-steroid use leads to aggression
Aggression in Sport
-males playing high contact sports at a high comp level show greater levels of aggression
Unsanctioned Aggression
happens outside of sport
1) Anger based- retaliatory (punching after being held)
2) Power Aggression- intimidating your opponent (high tackle in soccer above the knees)
3) Thrill Based -provoking an aggressive response (like a sucker punch)
Penalty Data in NHL
11.1 aggressive pen mins/ game (spearing, fighting, etc) -ones that showed aggression
Jr B Penalty Data
-19.7 aggressive penalty mins/ game -much higher amounts of aggression
Under 12 Hockey penalty data
3.3 aggression pen mins/ game
