Lecture 2- Innate Immunity

Question 1

Cells of the innate immune system in order of prevelance

Answer 1

Never let monkeys eat bananas.
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils

Question 2

The first phagocytic cell to attack and destroy bacteria

Answer 2

Neutrophils

Question 3

What do Neutrophils use to kill invaders

Answer 3

Hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorite ions, bactericidal granules

Question 4

Where are Neutrophils mobilized from

Answer 4

Bone marrow

Question 5

Appearance of Neutrophils

Answer 5

Granular cytosol
Segmented nucleus

Question 6

Innate immune cell that moves quickly, but lacks stamina

Answer 6

Neutrophil

Question 7

Which proteins mediate Neutrophil extravasation

Answer 7

Selectin (L-selectin and P-selectin slow Neutrophil by binding) and Integrin (expressed by neutrophil to stick to blood vessel)

Question 8

What mechanism allows Neutrophils to kill invaders

Answer 8

Phagocytosis

Question 9

Stages of phgocytosis

Answer 9

1. Phagosome formation (cell membrane fuses around microbe
2. Lysosome fusion (creates phagolysosome
3. Respiratory Burst (secretion of antimicrobials to destroy microbe)

Question 10

What is used if a microbe is too large to be phagocytized?

Answer 10

NETosis- DNA filaments hold microbe in place, anti-bacterial compounds are secreted

Question 11

What do Macrophages secrete to kill bacteria?

Answer 11

Nitric oxide

Question 12

Where do macrophages mobilize from?

Answer 12

Tissue

Question 13

Which is more powerful- Neutrophil or Macrophage

Answer 13

Macrophage

Question 14

Which damages tissue and which repairs it? Macrophage or Neutrophil

Answer 14

Macrophage repairs tissue
Neutrophil destroys tissue

Question 15

Where are Monocytes found

Answer 15

CIrculation

Question 16

What do Monocytes differentiate into

Answer 16

Macrophages or dendritic cells

Question 17

Macrophage activate: M1 vs M2

Answer 17

M1 destroys bacteria using nitric oxide
M2 Repairs tissue and removes dying cells

Question 18

What are Innate Lymphoid cells

Answer 18

Present constantly
Do not need to be induced by antigen exposure
Activated through nonclonal receptors
Functional before T cells are available

Question 19

Do ILC generate memory cells

Answer 19

No

Question 20

What is an innate, cytotoxic cell

Answer 20

Natural Killer Cell

Question 21

What do Natural Killer Cells contain

Answer 21

Perforin and granzyme

Question 22

Do Natural Killer Cells require activation to become cytotoxic

Answer 22

No

Question 23

What types of invaders to Natural Killer cells primarily target?

Answer 23

Tumors and viruses

Question 24

Mast cell defense mechanism

Answer 24

Degranulation

Question 25

Where are Mast cells usually located

Answer 25

under the tissue surface

Question 26

Which Innate Immune cells are specialized for parasitic worms

Answer 26

Mast cells and Eosinophils

Question 27

Which innate immune cell is possibly anti-tick

Answer 27

Basophil

Question 28

Which innate immune cells are correlated with allergies?

Answer 28

Mast cells, eosinophils, and basophils

Question 29

Which innate immune cell is attracted by Mast cell products

Answer 29

Eosinophils