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Immunology > Lecture 4- Mechanisms of Immune Cell Communication > Flashcards

Lecture 4- Mechanisms of Immune Cell Communication Flashcards

1
Q

Mechanisms of immune cell communication

A

Pattern-recognition receptors, cytokines, chemokines, major histocompatibility complex, comlement

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2
Q

What is a PAMP

A

pathogenic-associated molecular pattern. Antigen that is recognized as foreign

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3
Q

What is a DAMP

A

Damage-associated molecular pattern. Molecules released from damaged host cells

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4
Q

What are PRRs

A

Pattern Recognition Receptors

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5
Q

What do PRRs recognize

A

DAMPs and PAMPs

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6
Q

What triggers inflammation

A

Binding of the PRRs to a DAMP/PAMP

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7
Q

Cascade of reactions after PRR binding

A

Inflammation –> Interferon production –> Sickness –> Adaptive immune response

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8
Q

What is a type of PRRs

A

Toll-like receptor

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9
Q

Where are toll-like receptors found

A

On the surface and inside of innate immune cells

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10
Q

Toll like receptors on the surface detect…

A

bacteria

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11
Q

Toll like receptors on the inside detect…

A

viruses

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12
Q

What component does TLR4 detect

A

LPS

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13
Q

What component does TLR5 detect

A

flagella

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14
Q

Proteins produced in the hundreds to control immune response

A

cytokines

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15
Q

Proteins that communicate between immune cells and non-immune cells

A

Cytokines

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16
Q

Autocrine

A

cytokines bind to same cell

17
Q

Paracrine

A

Cytokines bind to nearby cell

18
Q

Endocrine

A

Cytokines bind to distant cell

19
Q

Pleiotropic cytokines can

A

activate different kinds of cells

20
Q

Redundant cytokines are many cytokines…

A

that do the same thing

21
Q

Synergistic cytokines act…

A

with other cytokines to accomplish a task

22
Q

Antagonistic cytokines…

A

Prevent the binding of other cytokines

23
Q

Different types of cytokines

A

Interleukins, interferons, and chemokines

24
Q

What produces interferons

A

Viral infected cells

25
Q

Examples of pro-inflammatory cytokines

A

IL-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma

26
Q

True or false: Chemokines can attract or repel

A

False, they can only attract

27
Q

Example of a chemokine

A

IL-8

28
Q

What triggers neutrophil extravasation

A

IL-8 (chemokine)

29
Q

What is a cytokine storm

A

Too many cytokines, leads to tissue damage and organ failure

30
Q

What is a cytokine agonist (to stop activity)

A

IL-1RA (Interleukin 1 receptor agonist)

31
Q

What is signal transduction

A

An extracellular signal becoming an intracellular signal

Immunology (14 decks)

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