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Botany > Lecture 20 > Flashcards

Lecture 20 Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the novel features of vascular plants?

A
  1. Embryo: zygote retained, nourished by gametophyte (matrotrophy)
  2. Cuticle
  3. Sporopoleninwalled spores(decay resistant)
  4. Antheridia & Archegonia with sterile jacket
  5. Sporiclife cycle
  6. (Stomata)
  7. Branching Independent Sporophyte
  8. Vascular Tissue (xylem & Phloem)
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2
Q

when did vascular plants first appear in the fossil record?

A

400 million years ago

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3
Q

describe early vascular plants

A

Earliest vascular plants were the size of trees! The dominant forests on earth.Carboniferous swamps are the source of most coal deposits.

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4
Q

do tracheophytes have vascular tissue?

A

yes

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5
Q

do tracheophytes have true leavs?

A

yes

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6
Q

do tracheophytes have true roots?

A

yes

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7
Q

what is the life cycle of a tracheophyte?

A

independent sporophytes

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8
Q

what are the types of steles?

A

protostele, siphonostele, and eustele

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9
Q

structures of a protostele

A

Solid core
•Xylem in center
•Phloem Surrounds xylem
•No leaf gaps

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10
Q

structure of a siphonostele

A
  • Pith in center.•“solid” ring of vascular tissue.
  • Phloem on outside
  • Phloem both inside & outside.
  • Xylem in middle of band.
  • Leaf gaps present
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11
Q

structure of a eustele

A
  • Discrete bundles
  • Vascular Tissue in discrete bands
  • No leaf gaps.
  • Leaf trace gaps instead.
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12
Q

describe a microphyll

A
  • Single vascular trace without a leaf gap.
  • Derived from outgrowth of stem.
  • Usually smaller
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13
Q

describe a megaphyll

A
  • Vascular trace leaves a leaf gap in stele.
  • Multiple branching veins (usually).
  • Derived from branches via planation and webbing.
  • Usually larger
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14
Q

what are the types of leaves of tracheophytles?

A

microphyll and megaphylls

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15
Q

how did microphylls evolve?

A
  • Originated as outgrowths of the stem.
  • Enationswith no vascular tissue.
  • Then evolve vascular tissue in core.
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16
Q

how did megaphylls evolve?

A

•Derived from branches via planation and webbing.

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17
Q

what kind of life cycle do seedless vascular plants have?

A

sporic life cycle

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18
Q

describe the sporophyte of a seedless vascular plant

A

they are free living and dominant

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19
Q

describe the gametophyte of a seedless vascular plant

A

it is free living and deduced

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20
Q

do seedless vascular plants require water for fertilization?

A

yes

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21
Q

describe the sporophyte phase of seedless vascular plants

A

The sporophyte phase has true leaves, stems, roots (they contain vascular tissue).

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22
Q

list the different families of lycophytes

A
  • Lycopodiaceae
  • Selaginellaceae
  • Lepidodendrales*
  • Isoetes
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23
Q

what are the characteristics of lycophytes?

A
  • Microphylls

* Protostelein root and shoot

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24
Q

what family do club mosses belong to?

A

lycopodiacea

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25
how many species are found in club mosses
400 species
26
what kind of stele do club moss have
protostele (in both stem and root)
27
what kind of leaves do club mosses have?
microphylls
28
describe the sporophyll of club mosses?
Sporophylls with adaxial sporangia
29
describe the location of Adaxial Sporangia
-Attached to upper surface of microphyll.(sporophyll) and attached to the bottom of a megaphyll
30
describe the location of terminal sporangia
-Develop at the tip of a branch
31
what are strobili?
aggregations of sporophyll
32
are sporophytes or gametophytes dominant in the lifecycle of a lycopodiaceae?
the sporophyte is dominant
33
are the sporophytes or gametophytes of a lycopodiaceae independent?
they are both independent
34
are the gametophytes of lycopodiacea photosynthetic or nonphotosynthetic?
they can be both
35
how long does it take for lycopodiaceae to mature?
6-15 years
36
how many species are there in the salaginellaceae family?
750 species in Genus Selaginella
37
are Selaginellaceae heterosporous
yes
38
what kind of stele do Selaginellaceae have?
they have a protostele in their stem and root
39
what kind of leaves do Selaginellaceae have?
microphylls
40
what kind of sporangia do Selaginellaceae have?
adaxial sporangia
41
what kind of sporphylls do Selaginellaceae have?
megasporphyll and microsporophyll
42
do Selaginellaceae have strobili
some do
43
what is an example of Selaginellaceae
resurrection plant
44
what does it mean for something to be homosporous?
Equal size sporesAll small
45
what does it mean for something to be heterosporous?
Unequal size spores. Some large. Some small (meaning that it has mega and microsporangia)
46
what does heterospory lead to
the separation of male and female gametophytes
47
what are microspores? what is their function? what is their gender?
they are microgametophytes they are male they produce sperm
48
what are megaspores? what is their function? what is their gender?
they are megagametophytes they are female they produce eggs
49
ligule
scalelike outgrowth at base of microphyll or sporophyll. Note: microsporphylls & megasporophylls can occur on same strobilus.
50
are megagametophytes unicellular or multicellular
multicellular
51
where do megagametophytes develop
inside megaspore wall
52
what do megagametophyte form?
archegonia
53
do megagametophytes have chlorophyll?
no
54
are microgametophyte unicellular or multicellular?
they are multicellular
55
where do microgametophytes develop?
inside of a microspore
56
what do microgametophytes produce?
antheridium
57
do microgametophytes have chlorophyll?
no
58
what family do quill warts belong to?
isoetaceae
59
how many species of quill worts are there?
150 species
60
are quill worts homo or heterosporous?
heterosporous
61
what kind of stele do quill worts have?
protostele
62
what kind of stem to quill worts have?
a corm
63
true or false, quill worts have ligule
true
64
what kind of habitat do quill worts live in?
mainly aquatic
65
what kind of photosynthesis do quill worts undergo?
CAM photosynthesis
66
what family of lycophytes are extinct?
lepidodentrales
67
when did the lepidodentrales live?
362-290 million years ago
68
where did lepidodentrales
coral forming swamps
69
how tall did lepidodentrales grow?
10-35m tall
70
did lepidodentrales undergo secondary growth?
yes in the cortex
71
did lepidodentrales have secondary vascular tissue?
no

Botany (8 decks)

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