Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Botany > Lecture 23 > Flashcards

Lecture 23 Flashcards

(63 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

when did anthophyta originate?

A

130 million years ago and radiated 65 million years ago

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how many species of anthophyta are there?

A

300,000 species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how are anthophyta pollinated

A

by animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the types of andiosperms?

A
  • Basal Angiosperms

- Mesangiosperms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

list the different mesangiosperms

A 
Magnoliids
•Monocots
•Ceratophyllales
•Eudicots
•Rosids
•Asterids
•Many others...
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what angiosperms make up the dicots?

A
  • Magnoliids
  • Ceratophyllales
  • Eudicots
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the four whorls of a flower?

A
  1. sepals
  2. petals
  3. stamens
  4. carpels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what makes up the sepals?

A

the calyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what makes up the petals

A

the corolla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what makes up the stamen?

A

the anther and filaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what makes up the carpels?

A

the ovary, style, and stigma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is a determinate shoot

A

plants that grow and produce 4 sets of modified leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the carpel made up of?

A
  • Magnoliids
  • Ceratophyllales
  • Eudicots
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the function of the sticky stigma suface?

A

the stigma surface can prevent pollen from different species from germinating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the function of the style tissue?

A

to prevent selfing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

selfing

A

self pollination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is an infloescence?

A

a cluster of flowers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is a complete flower?

A

a flower that contains all 4 whorls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is a incomplete flower?

A

a flower missing one or more whorls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is a perfect flower?

A

a flower that contains both microsporangia and megasporangia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what kind of lifecycle do angiosperms have?

A

a sporic life cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

are angiosperms hetero of homosporous

A

heterosporous with separate male and female gametophytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

describe the microgametophyte of angiosperms

A 
pollen
.•Extremely reduced 
•(just 2 cells, tube cell, generative cell ).
•Free living.
•Pollen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

do angiosperm pollen have antheridia?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
is water required for fertilization of angiosperms?
no
26
do angiosperm sperm have flagella?
no
27
describe the megagametophyte of angiosperms
* Extremely reduced * Megagametophytereduced to 7 cells with 8 nuclei. (embryo sac) * Antipodals(3) * Polar nuclei (2) * Egg (1) * Synergids(2)
28
are the megagametophytes of angiosperms dependent or independent of the sporophyte?
they are independent
29
are there any archegonia in the megagamtophyte of angiosperm
no
30
describe the embryo sac of angiosperms
Reduced megagametophyte in angiosperms
31
angiosperm pollen develops following what event
Develops following meiosis in anther = Microsporangium
32
Pollen grain part: | •Exine
outer wall, •sporopollenin •Protection vs. UV, desiccation, pathogens. •Pores/apertures for pollen tube initiation
33
pollen grain part: | •Intine
Inner wall, •cellulose & pectins
34
pollen grain part: | •Pollen coat
Coats Exine | •scented, pigmented, enzyme rich.
35
pollination and fertilization of angiosperms
1) Pollen attaches to stigma. 2) Pollen tube grows through style & ovary to Ovule. 3) Sperm travel to egg and polar nuclei. 4) Double Fertilization-zygote-endosperm (3n) 5) Growth of endosperm post fertilization.(compare to gymnosperm megagametophyte)
36
describe wind pollinated flowers
small and not brightly colored
37
what are some signals and rewards that animal pollinated flowers use to attract animals?
signals: petal color, patterns, and scents rewards: pollen, nectar, and the ovary wall
38
fruit
mature ovary + Accessory tissue fused to Ovary
39
simple fruit
formed from one carpel | ex: Cherry, peach, apple
40
aggregate fruit
Formed from many carpels in a single flower. | ex: Blackberry, Strawberry
41
multiple fruit
formed from multiple flowers in an inflorescence. | ex: Pineapple
42
accessory fruit
Contain non-ovary tissue. | ex:(Apple, Strawberry)
43
true or false: accessory fruits can be simple, aggregate of multiple
true
44
types of fleshy fruit
drupes, berries, and pommes
45
drupes
one seed, thin exocarp, stony endocarp (cherry)
46
berries
one to many seeds, all parts fleshy (tomato)
47
pomes
Inferior ovary, flesh derived from receptacle (apple)
48
types of dry fruit?
dehiscent and indehiscent
49
dehiscent fruit
split open at maturity (release seeds)
50
indehiscent fruit
do not split open at maturity (retain seeds:
51
types of dehiscent fruit
follicle legum silique capsule
52
types of dehiscent fruit | follicle splits where
splits along one side (milkweed)
53
types of dehiscent fruit | legume splits where
splits along both sides (beans)
54
types of dehiscent fruit | silique splits where
Two carpels, splits away from central partition (mustard)
55
types of dehiscent fruit | capsule splits where
Compound ovary, varying seed dispersal (poppy)`
56
indehiscent fruit splits when
it doesnt. It retains seeds
57
types of indehiscent fruits | Achene
Attached to pericarp
58
types of indehiscent fruits | cypsela
Achene-like fruit derived from inferior ovary
59
types of indehiscent fruits | samara
Winged achenes
60
types of indehiscent fruits | caryopsis
grasses
61
types of indehiscent fruits | nut
acorns
62
types of indehiscent fruits schizocarp
Splits into two or more one seeded portions at maturity
63
how can root seeds be dispursed
Seeds can be wind-or animal-or water-dispersed.

Botany (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions