Lecture 21

Question 1

what are the categories of euphyllophytes

Answer 1

monilophytes and lignophytes

Question 2

what are the different categories of monilophytes?

Answer 2

1. Equisetopsida
2. Polypodiopsida
3. Maratiopsida
4. Psilotopsida

Question 3

what are the different categories of lignophytes

Answer 3

• Aneurophytes*
• Archaeopteris*
• Seed plants

Question 4

characteristics of euphyllophytes

Answer 4

• Pseudomomopodialgrowth (Overtopping of Branches)

* Megaphylls

Question 5

which categories of monilophytes are ferns?

Answer 5

2.Polypodiopsida
3.Maratiopsida
4.Psilotopsida
•Ophioglossales

Question 6

how many species of equistopsida are there?

Answer 6

15

Question 7

what fossil are equisetum identical to? what are they?

Answer 7

Equisetites (fossil from 300MYA)

Question 8

describe the stems of equistopsida

Answer 8

jointed stems

Question 9

describe the leaves of equistopsida

Answer 9

they are scale like and at the nodes

Question 10

what is a Strobilus

Answer 10

Cone made from Sporangiophores

Question 11

what is a sporngiospore?

Answer 11

Sporangia bearing branch.

Question 12

what kind of origin do ferns have?

Answer 12

carboniferous origins

Question 13

how many species of ferns are there?

Answer 13

less than 12,000 specis

Question 14

true or false, most fern species are tropical

Answer 14

true

Question 15

do ferns undergo secondary growth?

Answer 15

no

Question 16

what kind of sporangia do ferns have?

Answer 16

terminal and abaxial

Question 17

are ferns homosporous or heterosporous?

Answer 17

they are homosporous except for water ferns and fossil lineages

Question 18

where is an adaxial sporangia located?

Answer 18

it is attached to the upper surface of a microphyll and at the bottom of a megaphyll

Question 19

where is a terminal sporangia located?

Answer 19

it develops at the tip of a branch

Question 20

what is an induism?

Answer 20

it covers a sporangia

Question 21

describe eusporangia

Answer 21

they are larger, they have multiple layers, and many spores

Question 22

describe a leptosporangia

Answer 22

• they are smaller
• they are a single layer
• they have fewer spores
• they are formed on stalks
• they have tapetum
• they have annulus

Question 23

tapetum

Answer 23

nutitive structure

Question 24

annulus

Answer 24

aids in spore dispersal (a catapult)

Question 25

what kind of leaves do ferns have?

Answer 25

megaphylls

Question 26

what are young fern leaves called?

Answer 26

fiddle heads

Question 27

why do fiddle heads uncoil/

Answer 27

they uncoil because of the process called circinate vernation

Question 28

circinate vernation

Answer 28

uncoiling due to uneven growth

Question 29

rachis

Answer 29

extension of petiole

Question 30

pinnae

Answer 30

leaflets

Question 31

what are the different categories of psilotopsida ferns?

Answer 31

ophioglossales and psilotales

Question 32

describe ophioglossales

Answer 32

Single Leaf, vegetative + fertile section.

Question 33

are psilotum hetero or homosporous

Answer 33

homosporous

Question 34

what kind of stele do psilotum have?

Answer 34

protostel

Question 35

do psilotum have leaves?

Answer 35

no

Question 36

do psilotum have roots?

Answer 36

no

Question 37

what kind of sporangia do psilotum have?

Answer 37

terminal

Question 38

are Tmesipteris of psilotales homo or heterosporous

Answer 38

homosporous

Question 39

what kind of stele do Tmesipteris of psilotales have?

Answer 39

protostele

Question 40

what kind of leaves do Tmesipteris of psilotales have?

Answer 40

leaves with one vascular bundle

Question 41

do Tmesipteris of psilotales have roots?

Answer 41

no

Question 42

what kind of sporangia do Tmesipteris have

Answer 42

lateral sporangia

Question 43

what kind of ferns are tree ferns?

Answer 43

maratiopsida

Question 44

how many generes of maratiopsida are there

Answer 44

six

Question 45

how many species of maratiopsida are there?

Answer 45

aproximately 200

Question 46

are maratiopsida homo or heterosporous

Answer 46

homosporous

Question 47

what kind of stele do maratiopsida have?

Answer 47

no

Question 48

do maratiopsida undergo secondary growth

Answer 48

no

Question 49

what kind of environments do maratiopsida exist in?

Answer 49

tropical carboniferous coral swamps

Question 50

what kind of family belongs to th leptosporangiate ferns

Answer 50

polypodiopsida

Question 51

how many families belong to the polypodiopsida

Answer 51

35

Question 52

how many generas belong to the polypodiopsida

Answer 52

320

Question 53

how many species are in polypodiopsida

Answer 53

10,500

Question 54

are polypodiopsida homo or heterosporous

Answer 54

homosporous

Question 55

what is the gametophyte of the polypodiopsida

Answer 55

prothalus

Question 56

what kind of leaves do polypodiopsida have?

Answer 56

fronds

Question 57

what type of ferns are Salviniales

Answer 57

Leptosporangiate Ferns Polypodiopsida

Question 58

which type of fern is a water fern

Answer 58

Salviniales

Question 59

are Salviniales hetero or homosporous

Answer 59

heterosporous

Question 60

Marsilea

Answer 60

sporocarps, drought resistant repro structures persist dry for 100+years.

Question 61

Azolla

Answer 61

eaves colonized by cyanobacteria (N-Fixers).

Question 62

ancestral tracheophytes

Answer 62

Aglaophyton major, Rhyniophytes, Aneurophytes&Archaeopteris, and Trimerophytes,

Question 63

describe Aglaophyton major

Answer 63

* Non-vascular * Terminal sporangia * Alternation of isomorphic generations

Question 64

describe Rhyniophytes

Answer 64

Dichotomous branching | Terminal sporangia

Question 65

true or false, the lycophytes Lepidodendrales are extinct

Answer 65

true

Question 66

when did Lepidodendrales live?

Answer 66

Lived During Carboniferous 362-290 MYA

Question 67

Trimerophytes structure

Answer 67

Dichotomous branching (unequal) Overtopping branches Terminal Sporangia Basal Euphyllophyte lineage

Question 68

Psilophyton novel characteristics

Answer 68

* Note Overtopped branches | * Note Sporangia

Question 69

seed plant ancestors

Answer 69

cordiates and archaeopteris, Archaeopterisvs Archaeoptery,