Lecture 3 Flashcards
(9 cards)
Functions of the cell membrane
some of the major structure:
- cell membrane: channels and transporters for facilitated passive transport and Na+/ K+ ATPase pumps for active transport
— the communication function: cells have receptors for specific chemical messages
it exists of Cilia, Microvilli and Flagella
describe what blood is made of and what proportion is fluid and solid
roughly 55% fluid and 45% solid. blood is made from Plasma (water, proteins, nutrients, hormones), buffy coat (white blood cells, platelets) and hematocrit (red blood cells)
describe the main functions of blood and which substance, plasma proteins or cells are involved in those functions.
- maintaining core body temperature (homeostasis) (body is mosly water, it holds heat very well)
- transporting substances around the body
- maintaining ion and nutrient balance (homeostasis)
- injury repair
- immunity
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm is the fluid part of the cell, made of:
- water
- ions
- molecules for making ATP
- Molecules for building cell structures
Cytoskeleton
the cytoskeleton is a network of interlinking protein strands
- connects organelles
- forms the shape of the cell
- transports within the cell
Nucleus
the nucleus is the controller of the cell
- stores the cell’s DNA
- DNA is the blueprint needed to make proteins
- Nucleolus is part of the nucleus that creates ribosomes for the endoplasmic reticulum to make proteins.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
The ER ‘construction warehouse’
- smooth ER has enzymes to build lipids
- Rough ER has ribosomes to build proteins
Golgi apparatus
protein processing and packaging, breaks large proteins into smaller ones and re-package into vesicles to transport proteins out of the cell
Mitochondria
mitochondria are the ‘powerhouses’ of the cell
- they use fuel molecules (glucose, fatty acids, amino acids)
- -> this is to create ATP = the energy currency of the cell, this happens in cellular respiration
