Lecture 37

Question 1

Define pH

Answer 1

a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is

• the more H+ ions there are the lower the pH= more acidic
• the fewer H+ ions there are the higher the pH= more basic

3 systems work together to control the pH of the body:

• buffering systems
• respiratory systems
• urinary systems

Question 2

define acid

Answer 2

< 7.35 pH rating

• H+ donor
• a solute that releases hydrogen ions H+, lowering the pH

as acid increases:
more H+ ions will be released into the blood and the lower the pH will become.

Question 3

define base

Answer 3

>

7. 45 pH rating

• H+ acceptor
• a solute that removes hydrogen ions (protons) from solution

as bases increase:

• the more H+ ions they will bind, removing them from the blood
• the higher the pH will become

Question 4

define buffering

Answer 4

A substance that minimises change in pH, when H+ concentration is altered

how does it work:

• when the H+ concentration increases, buffers bind the excess H+ molecules, to decrease the amount of acid (increase the pH)
• when the H+ concentration decreases, buffers release H+, to increase the amount of acid.

balance it up

Question 5

define acidosis

Answer 5

increased acid production from metabolism or loss of HCO3- from the body

Question 6

define alkalosis

Answer 6

loss of H+ from the body or increased HCO3- production

Question 7

describe how the body can gain or lose H+ and lose bicarbonate (HCO3-)

Answer 7

metabolic acidosis
HCO3- + H+ go from the the tubular fluid to the renal tubule cells in the form of CO2.
this connects with whit H2O and becomes H2CO3 then H+ is getting excreted trough urine and HCO3- reabsorbed in the body

metabolic alkalosis is the same processes but then H+ gets absorbed in the blood and HCO3- gets excreted trough urine

Question 8

describe the body’s response to metabolic acidosis

Answer 8

diarrhoea (GI fluid)

Question 9

describe the body’s response to metabolic alkalosis

Answer 9

vomiting and medications