Lecture 3

Question 1

what is the hox gene regulated by

Answer 1

retanoic acid from mesoderm

Question 2

if we delete the hox gene what can occur

Answer 2

facial abnormalities

Question 3

retanoic acid is known as a teratogen t/f

Answer 3

true

Question 4

is the more retanoic acid on the posterior or anterior side

Answer 4

the posterior

Question 5

where is retanioc acid made

Answer 5

in the mesoderm

Question 6

what are the 2 genes that are unique to the hindbrain

Answer 6

otx2 and gbx2

Question 7

what is the main function of otx2 and gbx2

Answer 7

they make the boundary between the hindbrain and the forebrain

Question 8

in what part of the brain is obx2 found

Answer 8

the forebrain

Question 9

in what part of the brain is gbx2 found

Answer 9

the hindbrain

Question 10

what will occur if wer delete otx2

Answer 10

there will be no anterior structures

Question 11

what is the name of the condition in which there is no otx2 and no forbrain or midbrain form

Answer 11

anensofaly

Question 12

what are basal ganglia invovled in

Answer 12

habit formation , goal directed behavior , routine

Question 13

t/f the hindbrain acts as an organizer

Answer 13

true

Question 14

if a hindbrain is transplanted to the forebrain what 2 things were created

Answer 14

an ectopic cerebellum and an ectopic midbrain

Question 15

what are the 3 major molecules that are important for making the boundary in the hindbrain

Answer 15

engrailed 1, FGF 8 , and WNT 1

Question 16

if there is not engrailed 1,fgf8 and wnt 1 what will occur

Answer 16

the cerebellum and the midbrain will not develop

Question 17

t/f if there is too much fgf8, engrailed 1 or WNT what can occur

Answer 17

ectopic strucutres

Question 18

does otx2 give rise to anterior or posterior structures

Answer 18

anterior

Question 19

does gbx2 give rise to posterior or anterior structures

Answer 19

posterior

Question 20

does gbx2 give rise to posterior or anterior structures

Answer 20

posterior

Question 21

as development continues what happens to the forebrain

Answer 21

it gets bigger

Question 22

what is a prosomere

Answer 22

as the forebrain develops it develops prosomeres which are distinct regions

Question 23

where are rhomomeres found

Answer 23

hind brain

Question 24

where are prosomeres found

Answer 24

forebrain

Question 25

in which part of the brain is pax 6 found

Answer 25

in the forebrain

Question 26

what kind of development does pax 6 play a role in

Answer 26

retinal cell development

Question 27

homozygous mutants of pax 6 have no....

Answer 27

eye formation

Question 28

heterozygous mutants of pax 6 have no ...

Answer 28

iris

Question 29

does pax 6 play a role in eye location

Answer 29

yes

Question 30

what occurs if pax 6 is inserted somewhere else

Answer 30

and ectopic eye is created

Question 31

what are 2 genes that are important in the cerebral cortex

Answer 31

emx2 and pax6

Question 32

if there is no emx2 in the forbrain what occurs

Answer 32

there are more structures in the anterior

Question 33

if there is no pax 6 what occurs

Answer 33

there are more posterior structures

Question 34

what is the top of the neural tube called

Answer 34

roof plate

Question 35

what is the bottom of the neural tube called

Answer 35

the floor plate

Question 36

the roof plate gives rise to

Answer 36

sensory neurons

Question 37

the floor plate gives rise to

Answer 37

motor neurons

Question 38

t/f notochord plays are role in the neural plate

Answer 38

true

Question 39

t/f sonic hedge hog playes a role in floor plate expresison

Answer 39

true

Question 40

more sonic hedge hog means ventral neural

Answer 40

yes

Question 41

t/f sonic hedge hog is important in the formation of the spinal cord

Answer 41

true

Question 42

is sonic hedge hog a morphogen

Answer 42

yes

Question 43

is shh found mostly on the ventral or dorsal side

Answer 43

ventral

Question 44

if shh is messed up name 3 things that can occur

Answer 44

spina bifida , limb deformalities and cancer

Question 45

what would occur if you reduced shh signaling in the forebrain

Answer 45

you would not have a midline , you would only have 1 of everything not 2 of everything . this is called anasophaly

Question 46

what is the most dorsal section of the neural tube called

Answer 46

the neural crest

Question 47

where the nerual crest originate from

Answer 47

the ector derm

Question 48

what is the main marker of ectoderm

Answer 48

bmp

Question 49

is bmp a morphogen

Answer 49

yes, the more bmp , the more dorsal markers

Question 50

is bmp found ventrally or dorsally

Answer 50

ventrally