Lecture 5

Question 1

progenitors can be divided into what 2 catergories

Answer 1

porgenitors and spongioblasts

Question 2

where do oliggodendrocytes arise from

Answer 2

from the ventral spinal cord

Question 3

what are the 2 genes that are necessary for production of oligodendrocytes

Answer 3

olig 1 and olig 2

Question 4

if olig 1 and olig 2 are knocked out will you get oligodendrocytes

Answer 4

no

Question 5

olig 1 and olig 2 produce what 2 genes

Answer 5

oligodendrocytes and motor neurons

Question 6

olig genes + Neurogenin 2 =

Answer 6

motor neurons

Question 7

olig genes + nkx2 =

Answer 7

oligodendrocytes

Question 8

do progenitors make nkx2 or ngn2 first

Answer 8

ngn2

Question 9

is there more ngn expressed early on or later on

Answer 9

early

Question 10

are more neourons made early or later on

Answer 10

early

Question 11

what are teh 2 reasons why the number or neurons decreases with time

Answer 11

cell cycle lenghtening and exit of progenitors from the cell cycle

Question 12

what is the expansion phase of the cell cycle

Answer 12

early on the progenitors divide symetricallt and produce 2 new progentors symmetrically , this is called the expansion phase

Question 13

what is the neurogenic phase of the cell cycle

Answer 13

when at least 1 mature cell is made and it exits from the cycle

Question 14

what does q freaction mean

Answer 14

it stands for quit fraction , it is the proportion of cells that leave the cell cycle

Question 15

if you increase the q freaction what will happen to the total number of cell

Answer 15

more cells will leave so you will have less

Question 16

what are 3 genes that are responsible for the lenght of teh cell cycle

Answer 16

cyclins and cdks and mitogens

Question 17

t/f mice have lissensophalic brains

Answer 17

true

Question 18

what kind of brains do humans have

Answer 18

gyrensophalic

Question 19

if more neurons are made what happens to the shape of the cortex

Answer 19

gyri is made

Question 20

are large or small neurons made in the same region

Answer 20

large are made 1st

Question 21

do older or newer parts of teh brain develop 1st

Answer 21

older parts are 1st

Question 22

are many layers of cells are in the neo cortex

Answer 22

6

Question 23

t/f development begins at more superficial layers

Answer 23

true

Question 24

where are neurons made and where do they migrate to

Answer 24

in the ventricular zone and go to the cortical plate to become gray matter

Question 25

cortical neurons are made from what kind of glia

Answer 25

radial glia

Question 26

the first cells that are formed form what kind of plate

Answer 26

pre plate

Question 27

what kind of cells are found in teh marginal zone

Answer 27

cajal retzuis cells

Question 28

what is the lower zone called

Answer 28

subplate

Question 29

the final position of the cortical neuron is associated with what

Answer 29

its brithday

Question 30

what is a neurons birthday

Answer 30

the times at which a divinding precurser underoes its final round of cell division and gives rise to postmitotic neurons

Question 31

what is another name from an intermediate progenitor

Answer 31

basal progenitor

Question 32

where do basal progenitors migrate to and what occurs there

Answer 32

they migrate to the subventricular zone and divide 1-3 times there

Question 33

cells that leave the ventricular zone and exit the cell cycle at a later state migrate over shorter or longer distances

Answer 33

longer

Question 34

the layering of the neurons in the cerebral cortex is arranged inside ____ and outside_____

Answer 34

inside 1st and outside last

Question 35

what is reelin responsible for

Answer 35

it is important for cortical and cerebellar development, it starts and ends migration

Question 36

what is unique about the cortex of a reeler mouse

Answer 36

it is inside out

Question 37

reelin is expressed from what type of cells

Answer 37

cajal retizus cells in teh marginal zone

Question 38

where are gabaergic neurons produced from

Answer 38

the medial ganglionic eminence

Question 39

how do gaba ergic neurons migrate

Answer 39

tangentially

Question 40

are mge (gabaergic neuroun) fast or slow

Answer 40

fast

Question 41

gabaergic neurons come from what location

Answer 41

medial ganglionic eminence

Question 42

can adult neruogeneiss happen in song birds

Answer 42

yes

Question 43

where does neruogeneis happen in humans

Answer 43

the hippocampus

Question 44

wehre does neurogeneis occur in rates

Answer 44

olfactory bulb and hippocampus

Question 45

where does chain migration occur

Answer 45

in the olfactory bulb

Question 46

in the hippocampus where are newly born neurons (neurogeneis) born in ?

Answer 46

in the dentate gyrus