Lecture 3+4: Cells and tissues of the immune system

Question 1

Polycythemia

Answer 1

Too many RBC’s

Question 2

Thrombocytosis

Answer 2

Too many platelets

Question 3

Leukocytosis

Answer 3

Too many WBC

Question 4

Neutrophilia

Answer 4

Too many neutrophils

Question 5

Lymphocytosis

Answer 5

Too many lymphocytes

Question 6

Eosinophilia

Answer 6

Too many eosinophils

Question 7

Basophilia

Answer 7

Too many basophils

Question 8

Anemia

Answer 8

Too few RBC’s

Question 9

Thrombocytopenia

Answer 9

Too few platelets

Question 10

Leukopenia

Answer 10

Too few WBC

Question 11

Neutropenia

Answer 11

Too few neutrophils

Question 12

Lymphopenia

Answer 12

Too few lymphocytes

Question 13

Hematopoiesis

Answer 13

Blood cell development

Question 14

Where do immune cells come from

Answer 14

Starts in utero in the yolk sac in the primitive phase then transitions and becomes the definitive stage in the embryo proper

Question 15

Where do all immune cells derive from

Answer 15

Common multipotent hematopoietic stem cell

Question 16

What cells make up the myeloid lineage

Answer 16

Eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells

Question 17

What cells make up the lymphoid lineage

Answer 17

B and T cells, NK cells

Question 18

What cell type has longest lifespan

Answer 18

Memory B cells

Question 19

What cell type has the shortest lifespain

Answer 19

Neutrophils

Question 20

What are the histological characteristics of a lymphocyte

Answer 20

Large, round nucleus, heterochromatic, thin rim of cytoplasm

Question 21

What lymphocyte does humoral immunity

Answer 21

B cells

Question 22

What lymphocyte does cellular immunity

Answer 22

T cells

Question 23

What are the sources of lymphocytes

Answer 23

Yolk sac—> fetal liver—> bone marrow

Question 24

What are the primary lymphoid organs

Answer 24

Bursa of Fabricius (birds only), thymus, bone marrow, Peyer’s patches

Question 25

What a are the secondary lymphoid organ

Answer 25

Lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, peyer’s patches

Question 26

What is the bursa of fabricius

Answer 26

Found only in birds, consists of lymphocytes within epithelial tissue, antibody forming lymphocytes

Question 27

Where is the thymus located

Answer 27

Mediastinum

Question 28

What type of cells are located in the outer cortex of thymus

Answer 28

Immature lymphocytes

Question 29

What type of cells are located in inner medulla

Answer 29

Mature lymphocytes

Question 30

What is the function of Hassal’s corpuscles

Answer 30

Produce cytokines

Question 31

How do we further identify T and B cell subtypes

Answer 31

With CD or cluster of differentiation molecules

Question 32

What CD molecule does Tc bind

Answer 32

CD8

Question 33

What CD molecule does Th bind

Answer 33

CD4

Question 34

Why is it important to know the T and B cell subtypes

Answer 34

Lymphocyte phenotyping

Question 35

What is the primary site of hematopoiesis in adults

Answer 35

Bone marrow

Question 36

Bone marrow

Answer 36

Hematopoiesis, B cell maturation, primary lymphoid organ

Question 37

Pancytopenia

Answer 37

Bone marrow wiped out so decrease in all cell types

Question 38

Why is a bone marrow biopsy especially important in horses

Answer 38

Only way to diagnose immunocompromised horses because they don’t release reticulocytes

Question 39

What is Peyer’s patches

Answer 39

Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue, common mucosal system

Question 40

What type of Peyer’s patch do ruminants, pigs, horses and cows have and what is it like

Answer 40

Large ideal peyer’s patch Primary lymphoid organ

Question 41

What type of peyer’s patch is present in rabbits and rodents

Answer 41

Small, ileal peyer’s patch Secondary lymphoid organ

Question 42

What is located in the cortex of lymph nodes

Answer 42

Primary follicles, B cells

Question 43

What is located in the paracortex of the lymph nodes

Answer 43

T cells

Question 44

What is located in the medulla of the lymph node

Answer 44

Plasma cells

Question 45

High endothelial venules

Answer 45

Allow passage of lymphocytes

Question 46

What organ is a major site of antibody production

Answer 46

Spleen

Question 47

What is the function of the white pulp of spleen

Answer 47

Lymphoid tissue, contains B cells and PALS

Question 48

Describe the steps in extrasvastion

Answer 48

1. Tethering of leukocyte loosely via E-selection and CD15 2. Triggering- begin to cease roll 3, Latching- firm attachment to ICAM 4. Diapedesis- leukocyte moves between endothelial cells and cytokines and chemokines direct cell

Question 49

What is a monocyte called in tissues

Answer 49

Macrophage

Question 50

What is the name of macrophages in the brain

Answer 50

Microglia

Question 51

what is the name of macrophages in the liver

Answer 51

Kuppfer cells

Question 52

What is the name of macrophages in the lungs

Answer 52

Pulmonary interstitial macrophages (PIMS)

Question 53

What are the two main functions of macrophages

Answer 53

Phagocytosis and antigen presentation

Question 54

Neutrophils

Answer 54

Segmented, front line innate immune defense, short lifespan

Question 55

What are immature neutrophils called

Answer 55

Bands

Question 56

What are some functions of neutrophils

Answer 56

Degranulation, phagocytosis, oxidative burst and neutrophil extracellular traps

Question 57

What is neutrophil extracellular trap

Answer 57

Neutrophil will release DNA that acts as a trap for bacteria to keep it from replicating

Question 58

In what cases would eosinophils be elevated

Answer 58

Worms, wheezes and weird disease

Question 59

What do the granules in eosinophils contain

Answer 59

Major basic protein, eosinophilic perioxidase, eosinophilic cationic protein, eosinophilic derived neurotoxin

Question 60

What is multisystemic eosinophilic epitheliotrophic disease (MEED)

Answer 60

Overproduction of eosinophils resulting in skin and GI lesions

Question 61

What do mast cells do

Answer 61

Release histamine as a result of allergic reaction

Question 62

What do basophils play a role in

Answer 62

Allergic reactions

Question 63

What is the main function of dendritic cells

Answer 63

Present antigens to adaptive immune system

Question 64

What is one common veterinary procedure in which dendritic cells play a role=

Answer 64

Vaccines