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Micro Exam 4 > Lecture 3: Microbes and Disease > Flashcards

Lecture 3: Microbes and Disease Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

test of malignancy in the 1950s

A

take cells out of body, and they continue to live

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2
Q

test of malignancy in the 1950s

A

take cells out of body, and they continue to live

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3
Q

dengue fever

A

athropod (mosquitos)
having an immune response is pretty bad… the virus infects B or T cells
so its hard to figure out a vaccine
Florida

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4
Q

Norovirus

A

aersolized

easily infects people in close quarters

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5
Q

Smallpox

A

dsDNA, enveloped… very stable virus
first virus to be erradiacted
we don’t even vaccinate against it anymore
pretty large genome

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6
Q

why don’t we vaccinate against smallpox?

A

1 in a million people die from the vaccine

why risk dying for a disease we dont have anymore?

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7
Q

Whats special about smallpox

A

its as close to living as a virus gets

just doesn’t have ATP or ribosomes… otherwise like its living

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8
Q

smallpox stability

A

doesn’t mutate much bc dsDNA… most stable form

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9
Q

what does smallpox have

A

it brings a ton of proteins with it
so it can do all catabolism and metabolism by itself… just needs host ribosomes and ATP
has own polymerases (DNA and RNA)

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10
Q

ease of vaccinating against smallpox

A

target the different
easy to target it’s protiens

vaccine is cheap to make

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11
Q

smallpox lifecycle

A 
enter cell
uncoating
transcription (viral RNA polymerase)
DNA replication (viral DNA polymerase--only group with this) 
viral packaging
cell lysis (causes pox)
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12
Q

hosts of smallpox

A

no Non-human hosts

so once you erradicate it, its gone

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13
Q

how vaccine was discovered

A

milkmaids never got smallpox, just cowpox on their hands

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14
Q

the word vaccine

A

from Vaccina virus: cowpox virus…80% identical to smallpox virus

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15
Q

How smallpox was erradicated

A

mointoring the disease
when someone gets sick, vaccinate everyine within a 10 mile radius

Larry Brillant

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16
Q

RNA viruses

A

very UNSTABLE… high rate of mutations

because it lacks PROOFREADING ability… because of its two enzymes

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17
Q

the reason we have a core genome of DNA?

A

its more stable than RNA

also, DNA has proofreading abilities

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18
Q

RNA enzymes

A

RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RNA to RNA)
Reverse Transcriptase (RNA to DNA to RNA)
NEITHER CAN PROOFREAD

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19
Q

HIV

A

retrovirus
reverse transcriptase
(+) ssRNA, enveloped
infects many cell types

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20
Q

reverse transcriptase

A

insert viral genome into host DNA

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21
Q

HIV

A 
retrovirus 
reverse transcriptase
(+) ssRNA, enveloped
infects many cell types
no vaccine
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22
Q

reverse transcriptase

A

insert viral genome into host DNA

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23
Q

HIV and CD4 T cells

A

helper T cells regulate immune system

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24
Q

AIDS and CD4 T cells

Study These Flashcards
A

you’re sick all the time beacuse your CD4T cells cant fight anything off
even food can make you sick (Tfolic? or Treg?)

25
AIDS
``` depletion of immune cells the disease (HIV is the infection) ```
26
AIDS and Kaposi Sarcoma Virus (herpesvirus)
Kaposi Sarcoma Virus is carried by 40% of people, its often transmitted, but RARELY CAUSES DISEASE but if you have AIDS, it causes cancer
27
review graph on slide 12
12
28
ways HIV is transmitted
``` sex blood transfusion birth needles blood to blood contact basically ```
29
HIV Replication
- enveloped virus fuses with and enters cell - makes dsDNA in cytosol, then gets into nucleus (Reverse transcription of RNA to DNA) - integrates into host genome - viral RNA replicated - translation to pro-protein - viral protease cleavage - viral reconstruction and egress
30
How does HIV work
converts cell into HIV factory bc goes to nucleus | all virions are a little different
31
different HIV virions... what does this mean for immune system
immune system looks for molecular patterns... but changes mean there are differnt patterns that may not be recognized if you do figure out a good immune response, the virus will mutate around it
32
How does HIV work
converts cell into HIV factory bc goes to nucleus all virions are a little different virus shed like crazy send a bunch of stuff out... lots of it different (high mutation rate)
33
different HIV virions... what does this mean for immune system
immune system looks for molecular patterns... but changes mean there are differnt patterns that may not be recognized if you do figure out a good immune response, the virus will mutate around it
34
How we treat HIV
HAART drugs 3 different drugs that target 3 different parts of the virus simultaneously you have to take the virus consistently, or the virus can become resistant or get a chance to mutate
35
where is HIV?
in EVERY nation-worldwide its a Pandemic we expect 0 HIV
36
review slide 15
15
37
point of graph on 15?
number of new infected decreasing number of deaths decreasing number living with HIV decreasing THIS MEANS PEOPLE AREN'T DYING AS MUCH FROM HIV
38
Magic johonson effect
at first safe sex | when he didnt die, people think HIV is not a death sentence, unprotected sex and STIs increase
39
Magic johonson effect
at first safe sex | when he didnt die, people think HIV is not a death sentence, unprotected sex and STIs increase
40
Patient Zero
a flight attendant who slept with 2500 people in North American even though he knew he had HIV
41
where did HIV come from
jump from human to chimps around 1900--railroad to heart of congo it had probably jumped before, but now it could get out into the world butchering chimps..lots of blood arose in chimps half a million years ago... 2 viruses recombined to make HIV
42
US and spread of HIV
US spread it to a TON of other countries
43
US and spread of HIV
US spread it to a TON of other countries
44
infection
thing gets into body HIV NOT the disease, NOT the ability to cause disease
45
Disease
immune response set of symptoms age could be considered a disease AIDS
46
Pathogenesis
study of how pathogens cause disease | measurement of disease causing potential
47
eitological agent
cause of disease
48
pathogenesis
bacterium, virus, other organism causing disease
49
Germ theory of disease
all diseases have microbial origin | this isnt entirely correct
50
when does infection cause disease
when immune system responds or the infection causes damgae
51
virulence
measure of disease causing potential | more virulent=more disease in more people
52
Virulence factors
genes that increase virulence of organism
53
ID 50
infectious dose 50%: amount needed to transmit the disease among 50% of people exposed
54
LD 50
Lethal Dose 50%: amount needed to kill 50% of people
55
LD 50
Lethal Dose 50%: amount needed to kill 50% of people
56
is homosexuality a cause of HIV
NO | its literally just blood to blood contact
57
is homosexuality a cause of HIV
NO | its literally just blood to blood contact
58
we've been talking about HIV-1, theres also HIV-2
HIV-2 in Africa | from Mangabes monkeys

Micro Exam 4 (8 decks)

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