Flashcards in Lecture 4 cells and tissues Deck (43)
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1
Cell structure (3 parts)
plasma membrane
nucleus
cytoplasm- cytosol (ICF) + organelles
2
Plasma membrane structure
(Fluid mosaic model)
lipid bi layer - phospholipids & cholesterol (unsaturated & saturated tails)
Membrane proteins
Carbohydrate group
3
Membrane proteins
trans-membrane proteins
integral proteins
peripheral proteins
4
Carbohydrate group
attached externally to proteins or phospholipids
ex: glycoprotein or glycolipid
5
Functions of the PM
boundary between ICF and ECF
selectively permeable and transport
cellular communication
structural support
6
Name the basic types of membrane proteins
Transport proteins (channels, carriers, pumps)
Receptors
Enzymes
Structural proteins
7
Channels
Ions pass this way
filled with water
passive
quantenary in structure
8
Carriers
binds to molecule and moves it across membrane
no open to both sides at same time
passive
9
Pumps
Active transport
moves against gradient
requires energy
EX: sodium potassium pump
10
Receptors
receive chemical signals
EX: acetylcholine receptors/neuromuscular junction
11
Enzymes
catalyst
speed up chemical reactions
most are proteins
EX: adenylyl cyclase
12
Structural proteins
support and anchor cells
cell junctions
EX: integrin
13
Nuclear envelope
double membrane
pores to allow communication w/ the cytoplasm
passageway for mRNA
14
Nucleolus
contains proteins and DNA
controls synthesis of rRNA
15
Chromatin
loosely packed DNA and proteins
condenses into chromosomes during cell division
16
Cytoskeleton:
MICROFILAMENTS
network just inside of cell membrane
composed of actin
17
Cytoskeleton:
Microtubules
largest cytoskeleton fiber
made of tubulin
have cilia and flagella
vesicle transport
18
Centrioles
made from microtubules
direct DNA movement during cell division
assemble microtubules
form mitotic spindle
19
Ribosomes
synthesis of proteins
composed of rRNA and protein
subunits ( 1 large, 1 small)
assembles protein chain
20
Rough ER
continuation of outer nuclear membrane
ribosomes on outer membrane
site of protein synthesis (membrane and secretory proteins)
21
Smooth ER
lacks ribosomes
synthesis lipids
concentrates and store calcium ions Ca2+
22
Golgi apparatus
consists of cisternae
surrounded by vesicles
protein modification and packaging
23
Mitochondria
double membrane
2 separate compartments
site of most ATP synthesis in the cell
Where ETC is, aerobic respiration (requires oxygen)
inter membrane space and inner membrane which contains matrix
24
Lysosomes
storage vesicles
contain powerful digestive enzymes
role in programmed cell death
25
Peroxisomes
contain enzymes that break down fatty acids and some foreign materials
produces hydrogen dioxide
contain catalyst that breaks down hydrogen peroxide
26
Tight Junctions
prevent movement and leakage between cells
27
Anchoring junction
anchor cells to one another
withstand pulling and stretching
EX: epidermis and cardiac muscle
28
Gap Junctions
creates cytoplasmic bridges between adjacent cells
ion channel allow for communication
EX: cardiac muscle
29
Exchange
functional type
simple squamous epithelial
alveoli of lungs
endothelium
30
