Physiology lab exam 1 Flashcards
(32 cards)
Beer’s Law
the amount of light absorbed by a solution is directly proportional to the concentration of the solution
Catalase
substrate and product
Catalase breaks down hydrogen peroxide
substrate - hydrogen peroxide
product - water and molecular oxygen
Solution
solute
solvent
solution - solute + solvent
solute- dissolved substance
solvent- the liquid they are dissolved in
Hypotonic, isotonic, hypertonic
hemolysis
hypo- expands
hyper- shrinks
hemolysis - cell pops
Reflexes and their nerves
Pattelar reflex - femoral nerve
Achilles reflex- tibial nerve
Biceps reflex- musculocutaneous reflex
Triceps reflex- radial nerve
How many synapses for muscle spindle stretch reflex
what is a muscle spindle
One synapse
Muscle spindles regulate muscle strength during movement
Is the plantar reflex a spinal reflex?
No
Normal Plantar reflex vs Babinski sign
Normal- flex the big toe downward and brings the others together
Babinski sign - damage anywhere along the pyramidal tract can cause it, big toe points upward and other toes fan out
Referred pain
example
role of somatosensory area
pain that is felt in a diff location from where it occurred
Angina Pectoris - sensation of pain and tightness in the left chest and arm during a heart attack
SA- has a virtual map that identifies locations of sensory inputs in the skin
Sensory adaptation
examples
Less action potentials occur tonic receptors (slow) - muscle spindle stretch reflex receptors Phasic receptors (fast) - pressure and temp receptors
Cornea
Iris
C-where light enters they anterior surface of the eye
-helps bend incoming light
I - muscle that dilates of constricts the pupil
Accommodation
process of focusing the eye on objects at different distances
structures involved - iris (convex - closer, flatter- distance) ciliary muscle, suspensory ligaments
Myopia
tests
Near-sightedness
can focus on close objects but not distance
Snellen eye chart - person with normal vision can read 20/20 line
Hyperopia
test
far-sightedness- can focus on distance but not close objects
used a meter and a pencil
Emmetropia
normal vision
astigmatism
test
the cornea or lens is abnormally shaped so that incoming light rays can not be focused on a single point
Astigmatism Chart- if positive some lines are in focus while others are not
Rods and Cones
Rods- found more in peripheral areas of the retina, can not detect color, more sensitive to low light levels
Cones- highest visual acuity, responsible for color vision
Central Fovea
highest density of photoreceptors when you focus on an object that incoming light from the object is sharply focused on the central fovea of the retina
contains only cones
Extrinsic eye muscles
control the position of the eyes
6 of them
Color Vision
each type of cone contains a slightly different photopigment molecule that absorbs light maximally at a diff wave length
Red- long wave length
Blue- short wave length
green - medium wave length
When you see a blue square, yellow, white?
blue- green and blue
yellow - red and green
white - rods
Red green color blindness
an x linked recessive trait
they are missing either red or blue cones
more likely in males
Conduction deafness
sensory apparatus of the cochlea is functional but sound conduction through the external ear or middle ear is impaired
can feel vibrations transmitted through the skull to the inner ear but unable to hear airborne sound
Sensory deafness
cochlear hair cells or cochlear nerve are damaged and are unable to transduce sound or transmit sensory signals to the brain
