Flashcards in Lecture 5- Motor Ad Sensory Pathways Deck (36):
0
Area ......: Broca’s area:
contains movement patterns for
making ........ ......... ......... .........?
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Speech sounds and writing
1
Most ascending sensory pathways (except olfactory) are relayed via the ......... and project to ......... .......?
Thalamus
cerebral cortex
2
Major descending motor tracts from ....... ....... generally bypass ......... on the way down to thespinal cord.
cerebral cortex
thalamus
3
Stimulation of motor cortex produces muscle contraction on
................. side of body.
contralateral
4
Basal ganglia concerned with controlled purposeful
movements. They integrate info from ......... ........, process it and project it back to ....... through the ...........
cerebral cortex
cortex
thalamus
5
Functional disturbances of basal ganglia will cause ......... .........?
movement disorders.e.g Parkinson's
6
Motor pathways:
Corticospinal tract is the main pathway controlling ....... ........?
Voluntary pathways
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Motor pathways:
Axons originate from ........ ....... ........ cell bodies in the cerebral motor cortex (in posterior frontal lobe) and pass to the medulla where they form the ........... .........
upper motor neuron
medullary pyramids.
8
Motor pathways:
Most fibres decussate at pyramids to form the ......... ......... .......?
lateral corticospinal tract.
9
Fibres that don’t decussate form the ......... ........ .......?
anterior (ventral) corticospinal tract.
10
Motor pathway:
Synapse with ...... ...... ....... in the ......... ......... horn of spinal cord grey matter.
lower motor neurons
anterior (ventral)
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Lateral corticospinal => mediates ........ control of movement of ...... and motor functions of CN IX, CN X and CN XII (9,10,11)
(decussates at pyramids).
voluntary
limbs
12
Ventral corticospinal =>.......... tract that eventually crosses the spinal cord to synapse with ....... horn and control of ....... muscles.
uncrossed
anterior
axial
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Rubrospinal => from ........ ........ to spinal cord. Role in control of ........ .......?
red nucleus
flexor tone
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Vestibulospinal => from ...... ....... to spinal cord. Role in control of ......... ........ and maintenance of ......... And .........
vestibular nuclei
extensor tone
posture and balance
15
Somatosensory
“Body sense”
• Pain
• Temperature
• Simple touch
• Proprioception (perception of .......)
• Kinesthesia (perception of .........)
• Stereognosis (perception of ..... and ...... of objects by touch).
position
movement
Size and shape
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Somatosensory afferents feed into ......... and also distribute to ......... .......... and cerebellum.
reflexes
cerebral cortex
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Nociceptors (pain) = ....... ...... receptors
50% skin
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Proprioceptive info transmitted via ....... ......., ......... ...... ...... and joint receptors
muscle spindles
golgi tendon organ
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Larger receptive fields for areas of skin that ....... need ...... .........
don’t
fine resolution.
20
For ....... ........ sensation multiple small receptive fields, packed closely.
finer tactile
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Two-point discrimination:
~ 2-3mm on ...... ......
~35-40mm on ......
~40mm on ......
Fingertips
Arm
Back
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Somatotopic organisation:
each body region represented in a particular ....... .......
cortical area.
23
Represented in proportion to their sensory innervation – not
actual ....... .......
body size
24
Sensory pathways:
Cell bodies of the ....... ....... ...... for all pathways is located in the .....
first afferent neuron
DRG
25
Sensory pathways:
Typically cross the midline => ..........
contralateral
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Sensory pathways:
Travel via ........ ........ through the ........ to ....... gyrus.
medial lemniscus
thalamus
postcentral
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Sensory tracts:
Anterior (ventral) spinothalamic => ........ (non-discriminative) touch
crude
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Sensory tracts:
Lateral spinothalamic => ......, ......., ......
itch, pain & temperature
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Sensory tracts:
Fasciculus gracilis => fine touch, pressure, vibration, conscious proprioception of ....... .......
lower limb
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Fasciculus cuneatus => fine touch, pressure, vibration conscious proprioception of ...... ......
upper limb
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Spinocerebellar => ........... proprioception from .......... ........ ....... ...... ...... receptors to cerebellum.
unconscious
muscle spindles/tendon organs/joint & skin
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Sensorimotor:
Voluntary movements require .......... feedback.
constant
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Sensorimotor systems:
Cerebral cortex works with ...... ........, cerebellum & thalamus to....... & ......... movements.
basal ganglia
Plan and program
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Sensorimotor systems:
Efferent fibres project through ........ and down spinal cord to effector muscles.
brainstem
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