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Axial Anatomy > Lecture 7 > Flashcards

Lecture 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Latin word Muscle

A

little mouse

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2
Q

How much of the body mass does the muscle tissue take up?

A

aprox half of BM

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3
Q

What are the functions of the muscles?
(Makes Philip Jump High)

A

Movement

Posture maintenance

Joint stabilisation

Heat generation

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4
Q

What are the functional characteristics of muscle? CEEE

A

Contractibility – muscle cells are able to contract & generate strong pulling force

Excitability – nerve signals/ other chemical signals – excite muscles- electric pulse – muscle contraction

Extensibility – are able to stretch due to pulling force of the apposing muscles

Elasticity – are elastic, resume normal length after contraction, stretching

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5
Q

Name 3 things muscles are characterised by:

A

Three types –characterised by
How they are controlled – voluntary / involuntary
Appearance – striated (stripped) / smooth
Association – Body wall (somatic) / organs (blood vessels)

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6
Q

What are the 3 types of Muscles

A

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

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7
Q

How much of body mass os skeletal muscle made up of?

A

Aprox 40%

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8
Q

Function of skeletal muscle

A

attach and move the skeleton
provides support & gives shapes / form of body

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9
Q

Describe the make up of the skeletal muscle

A

striated, parallel bundles of long multi-nucleated fibres

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10
Q

Is the contraction of skeletal muscle voluntary/involuntary

A

voluntary

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11
Q

Describe cardiac muscle

A

striated - wall of the heart & some large vessels (near heart)
cellular network – connected electronically & mechanically- fatigue resistant

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12
Q

Is the contraction of cardiac muscle voluntary/involuntary

A

Involuntary

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13
Q

Where is smooth muscle found?

A

blood vessels wall, hair follicles, eyeball, gastrointestinal, gastro urinal,
respiratory system

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14
Q

Describe the smooth muscle

A

elongated spindle shaped fibres

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15
Q

Describe the contraction of the smooth muscle

A

slow & sustained

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16
Q

What compartments make up muscle fibres?

A

are formed from the fusion of myofibres which are in turn composed of myofilaments – Myosin and actin repeated as a sacromere

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17
Q

What forms a fascicle?

A

Several muscle cells group together to form a fascicle

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18
Q

What forms the muscle itself.

A

Several fascicles group together to form the muscle itself

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19
Q

Name the 3 layers of a basic skeletal muscle.

A

Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium

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20
Q

Epimysium

A

overcoat, dense irregular fibres – hold whole muscle organ

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21
Q

Perimysium

A

surround fascicles (bundles of sticks)

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22
Q

Endomysium

A

surround each muscle fibre

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23
Q

Fuctions of the Epimysium, perimysium & endomysium :

A

hold muscle fibres together
Give elasticity to muscles
Hold blood vessels and nerves
Transmit the force of contraction to bones
Extend into thick cord like tendons or flat sheet called aponeurosis – attachment to bone

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24
Q

What is each musclel supplied by?

A

Each muscle – supplied by one nerve, artery & veinall these enter & exit near the middle of its length

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25
Direct attachment?
Fascicles themselves attach Connective tissues are short
26
Indirect attachment
more common Via tendons / aponeuroses Attach to bones, cartilage , skin, raphe (sheen of fibrous tissue), sheets of facia Raised marking in bones for tendon attachment Tubercles, trochanters & crests
27
Origin
less movable attachment
28
Insertation
more movable attachment
29
brevis
short
30
Direction of fasicles - rectus
straight - parallet to body's midline
31
Direction of fascicles transvers/oblique
at the angles to midline
32
Location
First origin then insertation
33
Action
named for action examples: flexor, extensor, adductor/ abductor
34
SUB OCCIPITAL group RORO (4)
- Rectus capitus posterior major (capitis –related to scalp) - Rectus capitus posterior minor - Oblique capitus superior - Oblique capitus inferior
35
POSTERIOR NECK group Cap & Cer (2)
Splenius capitus Splenius cervicus
36
EXTRINSIC MUSCLE GROUP Lets Take Ron Running Later (5)
Levator Scapulae Trapezius Rhomboid minor Rhomboid major Latissimus dorsi
37
Longer the muscle
more superficial
38
Shorter
Deeper
39
Rectus capitus posterior major Origin
spinous processes of axis (C2 vertebra)
40
Rectus capitus posterior major INSERTATION
lateral portion of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone
41
Rectus capitus posterior major ACTION
Extension and rotation of the head
42
Rectus capitus posterior major NERVE SUPPLY
Suboccipital nerve
43
Describe the Nuchal lines
4. curved lines on the ecternal surface of the occipital bone - Highest nuchal line - Superior '' -Median " - Inferior ''
44
Rectus capitus posterior minor Origin
posterior tubercle of C1
45
Rectus capitus posterior minor Insertation
Medial aspect of the inferior nuchal line of occipital bone
46
Rectus capitus posterior minor Action
Extends head
47
Rectus capitus posterior minor Nerve Supply
Suboccipital nerve
48
Oblique capitus superior Origin
TVP of atlas
49
Oblique capitus superior Insertation
occipital bone between the superior and the inferior nuchal lines
50
Oblique capitus superior Action
Extends head and flexes head laterally to the same side
51
Oblique capitus superior Nerve Supply
Suboccipital nerve
52
Oblique capitus inferior Origin
spinous process of the axis
53
Oblique capitus inferior Insertation
TVP of atls
54
Oblique capitus inferior Action
Rotates atlas
55
Oblique capitus inferior Nerve supply
suboccipital nerve
56
Describe the Splenius capitus
broad, straplike muscle in the back of the neck
57
What does the Splenuis capitus pull on?
pulls on the base of the skull from vertebrae in the neck and upper thorax
58
What does the Splenuis capitus lie deep to? RTS
the rhomboid, trapezoid and sternomastoid muscles
59
Splenius capitus Origin
Lower part of ligamentum nuchae, SP of C7 and upper 3 or 4 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T4)
60
Splenius capitus Insertation
(runs upward and laterally) mastoid process of the temporal bone, lateral part of the superior nuchal line
61
Splenius capitus Action
Acting together: Extend, hyperextend head and neck Acting on one side: laterally flex, rotate head and neck
62
Splenius capitus Nerve Supply
dorals primary rami
63
Splenius cervicus Origin
SP T3- T6
64
Splenius cervicus Insertation
posterior tubercles of TVPS of C1-c3
65
Splenius cervicus Action
Acting together: Extend, hyperextend head and neck Acting on one side: laterally flex, rotate head and neck
66
Splenius cervicus Nerve supply
dorsal primary rami
67
splenion
meaning a bandage
68
Levator Scapulae
Shoulder girdle
69
Levator Scapulae Origin
posterior tubercles of TVPs of C1-C4
70
Levator Scapulae Insertation
: medial border of scapular at and above spine
71
Levator Scapulae Action
Elevates medial border of scapula Rotates scapula to lower the lateral angle Acts with trapezius and rhomboids to pull scapula medially and upward. Bends neck laterally
72
Levator Scapulae Nerve supply
dorsal scapular nerve
73
Trapezius
(superficial back musculature group)
74
Trapezius Origin
Medial 1/3 of sup nuchal line EOP ligamnetum nuchae SP & Supraspinous ligaments of C7-T12
75
Trapezius Insertation
Upper part – lateral third of clavicle Middle part – acromion and spine of scapula Lower part – medial portion of spine of scapula
76
Where does the deltiod originate from ?
Anatomical horse shoe
77
Trapezius Actions
Upper part – elevates scapula Middle part – retracts (adducts) scapula Lower part – depresses scapula Upper and lower parts together rotate scapula
78
Trapezius innervation
Accessory nerve cranial nerve 11
79
Rhomboid major Origin
spinous processes of T2-T5 supraspinous ligament
80
Rhomboid major Insertation
medial boreder of scapula below of the spine
81
Rhomboid major Action
Retract - adduct scapula - towards midline
82
Rhomboid major Innervation
Dorsal scapular nerve
83
Rhomboid minor : origin
spinous process of C7 & T1 lower part of ligamentum nuchae
84
Rhomboid minor : Insertion:
medial border of scapular at root of spine
85
Rhomboid minor : Action
retract sacpula
86
Rhomboid minor Innervation
dorsal scapula nerve
87
Latissimus dorsi:
(superficial back musculature group)
88
Latissimus dorsi: Origin
SP T7-T12 SP L1- L5 SP S1- S4 Supraspinal ligament, iliac crest, outer surfaces of lower 3 or 4 ribs Inferior angle of scapula
89
Latissimus dorsi: Insertation
Bottom of intertubercular groove (humerus)
90
Latissimus dorsi: Action
Extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm, downward rotation of the scapula
91
Latissimus dorsi: innervation
Thoracodorsal Nerve

Axial Anatomy (9 decks)

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