Lecture 9 Flashcards
1
Q
MUSCLES – ANTERIOR AND LATERAL NECK
A
Longus coli
Vertical portion
Interior oblique portion
Superior oblique portion
Longus capitus
Rectus capitus anterior
Rectus capitus lateralis
Scalenus anterior
Scalenus medius
Scalenus posterior
Sternocleidomastoid
2
Q
Describe Longus coli
A
Situated on the anterior surface of the vertebral col
- between atlas (C1) & T3 vertebra
broad in the middle, narrow/pointed at either end
3
Q
3 Portions of the Longus Coli
A
Inferior oblique portion
Superior oblique portion
Vertical portion aka Longus cervicus
4
Q
Longus Coli
ORIGIN
A
Superior part – TVP of C3- C5
Inferior part – anterior surface of bodies of T2-T3
Vertical part - anterior surfaces of bodies of T1-T3 & C5-C7
5
Q
Longus Coli
INSERTATION
A
Superior part – anterior arch of atlas
Inferior part – TVP of C5-C6
Vertical part - anterior surfaces of C2-C4
6
Q
Longus Coli
ACTION
A
Flex cervical vertebra
7
Q
Muscles - ANterior and Lateral neck
Nerves supply
A
Anterior Primary Rami
8
Q
Describe the Longus capitis-
A
Long, narrow muscle-
Pass upward & medially from cervical vertebra to basilar
part of the occipital bone
9
Q
Longus Capitis
ORIGIN
A
Anterior tubercles of TVP C3-C6
10
Q
Longus Capitis
INSERTATION
A
Occipital bone anterior to foramen magnum
11
Q
Longus Capitis
ACTION
A
Acting together – flex head
Acting on one side – rotate head
12
Q
Describe the Rectus capitus anterior
A
short strap muscle lying deep to longus capitis
13
Q
Rectus capitus anterior
ORIGIN
A
Anterior base od the TVP of atlas
14
Q
Rectus Capitis Anterior
INSERTATION
A
Occipital bone anterior to foramen magnum
15
Q
Rectus Capitis Anterior
ACTION
A
Flexes head
16
Q
Rectus Capitis lateralis
ORIGIN
A
TVP of ATlas
17
Q
Rectus Capitis lateralis
INSERTATION
A
Jugular process of the occipital bone
18
Q
Rectus Capitis lateralis
ACTION
A
Bends head laterally
19
Q
Describe the jugular process of the occipital bone
A
In the lateral part of the occipital bone, extending lateralward from the posterior half of the condyle is a quadrilateral plate of bone
20
Q
How many scalene muscles are there?
A
3
21
Q
Where does the Scalene’s anterior lie?
A
It lies deeply at the side of the neck, behind the Sternocleidomastoid muscle and in front of the scalenus medius
22
Q
Scalenus anterior
ORIGIN
A
TVP of C3-C6
descends vertically
23
Q
Scalenus anterior
INSERTATION
A
Inner border of first rib
24
Q
Scalenus anterior
ACTION - 3
A
Raises first rib (inspiration)
Acting together – flex neck
Acting on one side – laterally flex and rotate neck
25
what is the middle of the three scalene muscles?
Scalenus medius
26
Describe the muscle fibres of the Scalenus medius
Muscle fibres run downward and laterally
27
Scalenus medius
ORIGIN
TVP C2-C7
28
Scalenus medius
INSERTATION
upper surface of 1st Rib
29
Scalenus medius
ACTION
Raises first rib (inspiration)
Acting together – flex neck
Acting on one side – laterally flex and rotate neck
30
Which is the smallest and most posterior of the scalene muscles?
Scalenus Posterior
31
Scalenus Posterior
ORIGIN
TVP C5-C7
32
Scalenus Posterior
INSERTATION
Outer surface of the second rib
33
Scalenus Posterior
ACTION
Raises 2nd rib (inspiration)
Acting together – flex neck
Acting on one side – laterally flex and rotate neck
34
What is the Sternocleidomastoid
known as
Sternomastoid SCM
35
Describe the Sternocleidomastoid
paired muscle in the superficial layers of the anterior neck
SCM spasm on one side – characteristic deformity of lateral flexion of neck on the same side with rotation of head to opposite side
36
SCM - sternocleidomastoid
Origin
Sternal Head- manubrium of sternum
Clavicular head- manibrium of sternum
37
SCM -sternocleidomastoid
INSERTATION
Mastoid process of temporal bone, lateral half of superior nuchal line
38
SCM -sternocleidomastoid
ACTION
Unilateral – bends neck laterally, rotates head to opposite side
Bilateral – flexes neck, draws head ventrally and elevates chin, draws sternum
superiorly in deep inspiration
39
SCM - Nerve Supply
Spinal part of accesory nerve
C2. C3
40
Name the MUSCLES – ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL
(TIPER)
Rectus abdominis
External abdominal oblique
Internal abdominal oblique
Transverse abdominis
Pyramidalis
41
What is the six pack muscle
Rectus abdominis
42
Describe the Rectus abdominis
A paired muscle running vertically on each side of the anterior wall
43
What seperates the Rectus abdominis
separated by a midline band of connective tissue called the linea alba
44
How does the Rectus abdominis extend?
pubis to rib cage
45
What is the Rectus abdominis ensheathed by?
Aponeuroses of lateral muscles
46
What is the Rectus abdominis segmented by?
Tendinous intersections
47
Rectus abdominis
ORIGIN
Pubic crest & symphysis
48
Rectus abdominis
INSERTATION
Xiphoid process and costal cartilages of rib5-7
49
Rectus abdominis
ACTION
Flexes VC
compresses abdomen used in sit-ups and curls
50
Rectus abdominis
Nerve supply
Intercoastal Nerves
51
External abdominal obliqueWhWhat is the largest of the three lateral muscles in the anterior abdominal wall?
External abdominal oblique
52
How do the fibres of the External abdominal oblique run?
downwards and medially
53
How does the aponuerosis run?
Inferiorly from inguinal ligament
54
External abdominal oblique
ORGIN
lower 8 ribs
55
External abdominal oblique
INSERTATION
Anterior part of the illiac crest
Abdominal apopneurosis to linea alba
56
External abdominal oblique
ACTION
Compresses abdomincal contents lateral flexes and rotates VC
57
External abdominal oblique
Nerve Supply
Intercostal Nerves
58
What is the intermediate muscle of the abdomen?
Internal abdominal oblique
59
Where does the Internal abdominal oblique lie?
Lying just underneath the external oblique and superficial to the transverse abdominal muscle
60
How do the fibres of the Internal abdominal oblique run?
medially perpendicular to the external oblique muscle
61
Internal abdominal oblique
ORIGIN
Lateral half of the inguinal ligament, illiac crest thoracolumbar fascia
62
Internal abdominal oblique
INSERTATION
Cartilage of bottom 3 or 4 ribs, abdominal aponeuris to linea alba
63
Internal abdominal oblique
ACTION
Compresses abdomincal contents lateral flexes and rotates VC
64
Internal abdominal oblique
NERVE
intercostals
iliohypogastric
iloinginal nerves
65
what is the lumbar fascia?
- layer of fibrous tissue - that covers the lumbar region.
66
what is the deepest most innermost muscles of the abdominal wall?
Transverse abdominis
67
Transverse abdominis
ORIGIN
Lateral part of inguinal lig, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, cartilage of lower 6 ribs
68
Transverse abdominis
INSERTATION
Abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
69
Transverse abdominis
ACTION
Compress abdominal content
70
Transverse abdominis
NERVE SUPPLY
intercostals, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal nerves
71
A small and triangular muscle, anterior to the Rectus abdominis & contained in the rectus sheath
Pyramidalis
72
Pyramidalis
ORIGIN
pubic symphysis and pubic crest
73
Pyramidalis
INSERTATION
linea alba
74
Pyramidalis
ACTION
tensing the linea alba
75
Pyramidalis
NERVE SUPPLY
Subcostal nerve T12
76
What is the rectus sheath
- formed by the aponeuroses of the Obliqui and Transversus
It contains the Rectus abdominis and Pyramidalis muscles
77
MUSCLES OF THORAX
Intercostal muscles
External intercostals
Internal intercostals
Subcostals
Transverse thoracis
Serratus posterior
Diaphram
Levators costorum
78
Where are the intercostal muscles situated?
between the ribs
79
Describe the intercostal muscles
Groups of muscles – pass between adjacent ribs
80
How many layers of intercostal muscles are there?
Arranges in 03 layers – external, internal and subcostal
81
How many external intercostals?
- 11 in number on either side
thicker than the Intercostales interni
82
the external intercostals fibres of the back of thorax
their fibres are directed obliquely downward and laterally
83
the external intercostals fibres of the front of thorax
downward, forward, and medially
84
Intercostal muscles
ORIGIN
Lower margin of upper 11 ribs
85
Intercostal muscles
INSERTATION
Superior border of rib below
86
Intercostal muscles
ACTION
Draw ventral part of the ribs upwards - inspiration , inhalation
87
Intercostal muscles
NERVE SUPPLY
Intercostal nerves
88
How many Internal intercostals on either side
11
89
Internal intercostals
ORIGIN
From cartilages to the angles of the upper 11 ribs
90
Internal intercostals
INSERTATION
Superior border of the ribs below
91
Internal intercostals
ACTION
Draw ventral part of the ribs downward -expiration
92
Internal intercostals
NERVE SUPPLY
Imntercostal nerves
93
what is the innermost intercostals
Subcostals intercostals
94
Describe the subcostals
poorly developed - in upper intercostal spaced
95
How do the fibres of the subcostals run?
Fibers run in the similar direction as the internal intercostal
96
What seperates the subcostals and intercostal layers?
Intercostal nerves and vessels
97
Subcostals intercostals
ORIGIN
inner surface of each rib near its angle
98
Subcostals intercostals
INSERTATION
Medially on the inner surface of 2nd or 3rd rib below
99
Subcostals intercostals
ACTION
Draw ventral part of the ribs downward - forfeful expiration
100
Subcostals intercostals
NERVE SUPPLY
Intercostals
101
What les Lies internal to the thoracic cage, anteriorly
Transversus thoracis
102
Describe the Transversus thoracis
A thin plane of muscular and tendinous fibres
103
Where is the Transversus thoracis situated?
situated upon the inner surface of the front wall of the chest.
104
It is in the same layer as the subcostal muscles and the innermost intercostal muscles
Transversus thoracis
105
Transversus thoracis
ORIGIN
Inner surface of lower portion of sternum and adjacent costal cartilages
106
Transversus thoracis
INSERTATION
Inner surface of costal cartilage of the 2nd - 6th ribs
107
Transversus thoracis
ACTION
Draw ventral part of ribs downward (forceful expiration)
108
Transversus thoracis
NERVE SUPPLY
Intercostals
109
Describe Serratus posterior superior
110
Serratus posterior superior
Origin
Ligamentum nuchae, SP C7- T2
111
Serratus posterior superior
INSERTATION
Upper borders of the 2-5 ribs to their angles
112
Serratus posterior superior
ACTION
Raises ribs in inspiration
113
Serratus posterior
NERVE SUPPLY
Intercostal
114
Describe the Serratus posterior inferior
lies at the junction of the thoracic and lumbar regions
115
Serratus posterior inferior
ORIGIN
SP T11-T12, L1-L2
116
Serratus posterior inferior
INSERTATION
Lower borders of bottom 4 ribs
117
Serratus posterior inferior
ACTION
Pulls ribs down, resisting pull of diaphram
118
Describe the Diaphram
a sheet of internal skeletal muscle
119
Where does the Diaphram extend?
Extends across the bottom of the rib cage
120
What does the Diaphram seperate and what important function does it play?
Separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity & performs an important function in respiration
121
Diaphram
ORIGIN
Sternal part
inner part of xiphoid process
122
Diaphram
ORIGIN
Costal Part
– inner surfaces of lower six ribs and their cartilages
123
Diaphram
ORIGIN
Lumbar Part
upper 2 -3 lumbar vertebrae and lateral and medial lumbocostal arches
124
Diaphram
INSERTATION
Fibres converge and meet on central tendon
125
Diaphram
ACTION
Draws central tendon inferiorly,
for inspiration
126
Diaphram
Phrenic nerve
127
Levator costorum
ORIGIN
TVP C7 - T11
128
Levator costorum
INSERTATION
Laterlally to outer surface of the next lower rib
129
Levator costorum
ACTION
Raises ribs, extends, laterally flexes, and rotates vertebral column
130
Levator costorum
NERVE SUPPLY
Intercostals nerves
131
MUSCLES OF THE PELVIC FLOOR
Levator ani
Coccygeus
132
Levator ani consists of?
Pubococcygeus
Puborectalis
iliococcygeus
133
describe Levator ani
Broad but thin, tripartite muscle (split into three parts)
134
How do the muscle fibres of Levator ani stretch?
stretch inferomedially-
forming a sling around prostate / vagina
urethra & anorectal junction
Sling fibers meet in the median plane
135
What does the Levator ani seperate?
pelvic cavity from perinium
136
a hammock-like muscle, found in both sexes
Pubococcygeus
137
Where does the Pubococcygeus stretch?
Stretches from the pubic bone to the coccyx – forms pelvic floor & supports pelvic organs
138
Pubococcygeus
ORIGIN
back of the pubis and from the anterior part of the obturator fascia
139
Pubococcygeus
INSERTATION
coccyx and sacrum
140
Pubococcygeus
ACTION
controls urine flow, & aids in urinary control, childbirth as well as core stability
141
A weakening in which muscle may be a cause of urinary incontinence ?
Pubococcygeus
142
Pubococcygeus
NERVE
Sacral nerves
143
Pubococcygeus
FUNCTION
A strong pubococcygeus muscle - linked to a reduction in urinary
incontinence & proper positioning of the baby's head during childbirth
- contracts during orgasm
144
Iliococcygeus
ORIGIN
ischial spine & pubis
145
Iliococcygeus
INSERTATION
coccyx & median raphe (of perinium
146
Iliococcygeus
ACTION
tenses floor of the pelvis, supports pelvic organs, flexes coccygeal joints, elevates & retracts anus
147
Iliococcygeus
NERVE SUPPLY
Sacral nerves
148
4 Collective Functions of the Levator Ani Muscle
Support & maintain pelvic viscera
Resist downward thrusts – that accompany intrapelvic pressure during coughing, vomiting, expulisive efforts of abdominal muscles
Form sphincters at anorectal junction & vagina
Lift anal canal during defecation
149
Small triangular muscle- lying post to levator ani
Coccygeus
150
What does the Coccygeus
form part of?
Forms post part of pelvic diaphragm
151
Coccygeus
ORIGIN
ischial spine
152
Coccygeus
INSERTATION
Lateral, inferior borders of sacrum & coccyx
153
Coccygeus
ACTION
support pelvic viscera
support coccyx and pulls it forward –
after its reflection during defecation
and childbirth
154
Coccygeus
NERVE SUPPLY
Sacral Nerve
155
Describe the Pelvic diaphragm
made up of muscle fibers of the levator ani, the coccygeus
156
How many external intercostal muscles are there?
22
157
Which of the following is the innermost intercostal muscle?
Subcostal
158
Which of the following muscles is innervated by the Phrenic nerve?
Diaphram
159
Which of the following muscles supports inspiration?
External intercostals
160
Coccygeus muscle originates from which of the following structures?
Ischial Spine
161
Which of the following is NOT part of levator ani?
Coccygeus
