Lecture 8 Flashcards by Tara Potgeiter

What is the primer mover of the back extension

Erector Spinae

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How do the muscles and tendons run in the Eretor spinae

Run more/less vertically

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What 3 columns does the erector spinae consist of?

Illicostalis
-Longissimus
-Spinalis

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Name the muscles of the Illiocostalis

iliocostalis cervicis
iliocostalis thoracis iliocostalis lumborum

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Name the muscles of the longisimus CCT

longisimus capitis
longisimus cervicis
longisimus thoracis

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Name the muscles of the Spinalis

spinalis capitis
spinalis cervicis
spinalis thoracis

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How many muscles in the Erector spinae?

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ILIOCOSTALIS

Most lateral muscle group of erector spinae muscles, extending from pelvis to neck.

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liocostalis cervicis:
ORIGIN

Angles of 3-6 ribs

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liocostalis cervicis
INSERTATION

TVP C4- C6

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liocostalis cervicis:
ACTION

Extension, lateral flexion of vertebral column

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liocostalis cervicis:
Bilateral action

extension of vertebral column
maintenance of erect posture
stabilization of vertebral column during flexion

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liocostalis cervicis:
unilateral action

lateral bend to same side
rotation to same side

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liocostalis:
Nerve Supply

Dorsal Primary Rami for all

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Iliocostalis thoracic
ACTION

Extension, lateral flexion of vertebral column

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Iliocostalis thoracic
ORIGIN

Angles of lower 6 ribs (6-12), medial to iliocostalis lumborum

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Iliocostalis thoracic
INSERTATION

lower border of angles of ribs 1-6 & TVP C7

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Iliocostalis lumborum:
ACTION

Extension, lateral flexion of vertebral column,
rotates ribs for forceful inspiration

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Iliocostalis lumborum
ORIGIN

Medial and lateral sacral crests and medial part of iliac crests

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Iliocostalis lumborum
INSERTATION

Angles of lower 6 ribs

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LONGISSIMUS CAPITUS
Insertation

Posterior part of the mastoid process of temporal bone

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Longissimus

Longissimus
Muscle lateral to the semispinalis
It is the subdivision of the Iliocostalis & extends forward into
the TVPs of the cervical vertebrae

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Longissimus Muscles (3)

longissimus capitis
longissimus cervicis longissimus thoracis

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Is the Semispinalis capitus apart of the erector spinae?

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SPINALIS

Bundle of muscles and tendons located nearest to the spine

Spinalis Capitis ORIGIN

SP of lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae

Spinalis Capitis INSERTATION

Between superior and inferior nuchal lines of occipital bone

Spinalis Capitis ACTION

extension and rotates head

Spinalis NERVE SUPPLY

Dorsal primary rami

Spinalis Cervicis ORIGIN

Ligamentum nuchae SP C7

Spinalis Capitis INSERTATION

SP of axis

Spinalis Capitis ACTION

Extends Vertebral column

Spinalis thoracis ORIGIN

SP of T11-12 SP L1-L2

Spinalis Capitis INSERTATION

SP T1-T8

Spinalis Capitis ACTION

Extends VC

Spinalis Thoracis Origin

SP T11-T12 SP L1-L2

Spinalis Thoracis INSERTATION

SP T1-T8

Spinalis Thoracis ACTION

Extends VC

Name the muscles in the Transversospinal group

- SemiSpinalis (3) -Multifidius -Rotares

What is the combined action of the transversospinal group?

rotation and extension of the VC

What are the muscles of the Semispinalis?

Semispinalis capitis Semispinalis cervicis Semispinalis thoracis

How does the Semispinalis span?

– spanning 4-6 vertebral column

How does the multifidus span?

– spanning 4-6 vertebral column

Where is the semispinalis found

Underneath the erector spinae

Multifidius

Very thin muscle, consists of a number of fleshy and tendinous fasciculi Fill up the groove on either side of the SP of the vertebrae (from the sacrum to the axis

Multifidius ORIGIN Sacral region

along sacral foramina up to PSIS

Multifidius ORIGIN Lumbar region –

mammillary processes of vertebrae

Multifidius ORIGIN Thoracic region –

TVP Cervical region – articular processes C4-C7

Multifidius INSERTATION

SP of vertebrae 2-4 superior to origin

Multifidius Nerve supply

Dorsal Primary rami

How does the Rotatores span?

- spanning 1-2 vertebral column

Describe the Rotatores

Long and short

Rotatores Origin

TVP of each Vertebrae

Rotatores INSERTATION

Base of SP of the next vertebra above

Name the STABILISERS

Interspinale Intertransversi

Stabilisers

segmental muscles

Interspinale Origin:

SP of each vertebra

Interspinale Insertation

SP of vertebra immediately above

Interspinale ACTION

extension of the vertebrae segments

Nerve supply to Stabilisers

Dorsal Primary rami

Intertransversi – Origin and insertion

Between TVP of adjacent vertebra, less developed in thoracic region

Intertransversi – ACTION

: laterally flexes each respective pair of vertebrae (also eccentric muscle contraction provides stability)

ABDOMINAL WALL –POSTERIOR - Name the 3 muscles

Quadratus lumborum Psoas major Posas minor

Descibe the Quadratus lumborum

Iirregular and quadrilateral in shape, and broader below than above

Quadratus lumborum Origin

iliolumbar ligament illiac crest

Quadratus lumborum Insertation

Rib 12 TVP L1- L4

Quadratus lumborum Action

Laterally flexes VC

Quadratus lumborum + Psoas Major Nerve Supply

Anterior primary rami

Psoas major Origin

Bases of TVP L1-L5 Bodies of T12-L5 IVD above each lumbar verterbra

Psoas Major Insertation

Lesser tronchanter of femur

Psoas Major Action

Flexes thigh Flexes VC

Psoas Minor

Oftern absent

How many Gluteal muscles

Three Gluteus muscles

Name Gluteal muscles

maximum, minimus & medius) + Tensor faciae latae

Which is the largest and most superfical

Gluteus maximus

Which forms the bulk of the buttock mass

Gluteus maximus

Which nerve does the Gluteus maximus overlie

sciatic nerve

Describe the fascicles of the Gluteus maximus

thick and coarse

Where is the site for intramuscular injections

Gluteus maximus

Gluteus maximus Origin

dorsal ilium, sacrum & coccyx

Gluteus maximus Insertion:

gluteal tuberosity of femur; iliotibial tract

Gluteus maximus upper part Action

abducts, laterally rotates thigh

Gluteus maximus lower part Action

extends, laterally rotates thigh, extends trunk, assists in adduction of thigh

When is the Gluteus maximus most working and describe the motion

sitting - major extensor of thigh Complex, powerful & most effective when thigh is flexed.

When is the Gluteus maximus active

when knees are at 30 degrees

Gluteus maximus Nerve supply

Inferior gluteal Nerve

What is the smallest of the 3 gluteal muscles?

Gluteus minimus

Describe the Gluteus medius

thick, radiating muscle, situated on the outer surface of the pelvis

what covers the Gluteus medius?

largely (posterior 3rd) covered by gluteus maximus, anterior 2/3rd covered by the gluteal aponeurosis

Which site is better for intramuscular injections by the Gluteus medius

– ventral site safer than dorsal – due to low risk of injuring sciatic nerve

Gluteus medius origin

Outer surface of ilium inferior to iliac crest

Gluteus medius Insertation

Lateral surface of greater trochanter

Gluteus medius Action

Abducts femur rotates thigh medially; preventing adduction of the hip - stabilise pelvis, important in walking

Gluteus medius Nerve Suppy

superior gluteal nerve

What causes Trendelenburg gait

Dysfunction of the gluteus medius

Where is the Gluteus minimus found?

situated immediately beneath the gluteus medius

Gluteus minimus Origin

Outer surface of ilium (between ant. & inferior gluteal lines)

Gluteus minimus INSERTATION

anterior surface of greater trochanter

Gluteus minimus ACTION

same as gluteus medius Works in concert with gluteus medius: abduction of the hip; preventing adduction of the hip, medial rotation of thigh

Piri

Pear

Forma

ShapePi

Shape of the Piriformis

Pyradimal muscle

Where is the Piriformis located

located on the post. aspect of hip joint inferior to gluteus minimus, issues from the great sciatic notch in pelvis lies on top of sciatic nerve

Piriformis ORIGIN

Internal surface of sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament

Piriformis INSERTATION

upper border of greater trochanter of femur

Piriformis ACTION

Laterally rotates thigh, abducts thigh, stabilise hip joint

Piriformis NERVE

Nerve to piriformis from sacral plexus

Describe Piriformis syndrome

Lies over the top of the sciatic nerve, dysfunction causes impingement (sciatica) and/or SI joint pain

Which of the following connective tissue sheaths surround each muscle fibre?

Endomysium

Which of the following muscles inserts into the anatomical horse shoe of the pectorial girdle?

Trapezius

Which of the following muscles originates on the spinous process of the axis

RCP major

Which of the following muscles rotates the head?

RCP major

Which of the following muscles is NOT innervated by the Dorsal Scapular nerve?

Latissimus dorsi

Which is NOT part of the Erector Spinae group?

Semispinalis

Which is the most medial group of the Erector Spinae group?

Spinalis

Which of the following muscles rotates the head?

Splenius Capitus

Which of the following muscles extends the vertebral column?

Longissimus cervicus

Which of the following muscles inserts into the bottom of the intertubercular groove of the humerus

Latissimus Dorsi

Which of the following muscles ORIGINATES on the mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae?

Multifidius

Which of the following muscles is the deepest muscle?

Rotatores