Lecture 7 & 8

Question 1

means that the vocal cords vibrate while producing the sound

Answer 1

voiced

Question 2

are made without vocal cord vibration/ the vocal cords do not vibrate when producing the sound

Answer 2

voiceless

Question 3

voiceless sounds

Answer 3

[p] pat
[f] fan
[θ] bath
[t] tip
[s] sip
[ʃ] lush
[ʧ] chin
[k] back

Question 4

voiced sounds

Answer 4

[b] bat
[v] van
[ð] bathe
[d] dip
[z] zip
[ʒ] luge, pleasure
[ʤ] badge
[ɡ] bag

Question 5

Open velum; air flows through nasal cavity

Answer 5

Nasal

Question 6

Velum closed oral air-flow only

Answer 6

Oral

Question 7

Bilabial

Answer 7

lips together ([p] pat [b] bat [m] mat)

Question 8

Labiodental

Answer 8

Bottom lip and upper teeth ([f] fan [v] van)

Question 9

Interdental

Answer 9

tongue between teeth ([θ] bath [ð] bathe)

Question 10

Alveolar

Answer 10

Tip of the tongue and alveolar ridge ([t] tin [d] din [n] nine [s] sap [z] zap [l] lap [r] rap)

Question 11

Retroflex

Answer 11

tip of tongue curled back

Question 12

Postalveolar

Answer 12

tongue body and back of the alveolar ridge ([ʃ] shine [ʒ] treasure [ʧ] chimes [ʤ] judge)

Question 13

Palatal

Answer 13

tongue body and hard palate ([j] yes)

Question 14

Velar

Answer 14

Back of the tongue and soft palate (the velum) ([k] back [ɡ] bag [ŋ] bang)

Question 15

Uvular

Answer 15

Tongue back raised towards uvula (uvular stops [q] and [G] occur in (e.g.) Arabic)

Question 16

Pharyngeal

Answer 16

back of tongue interacts with pharynx

Question 17

___________ sounds pronounced in the lower pharynx

Answer 17

Epiglottal

Question 18

Glottal

Answer 18

vocal folds together ([h] hip [ʔ] uh-oh!)

Question 19

How narrow the mouth is at the place of the
sound

Answer 19

closure

Question 20

complete closure in mouth or glottis,
creating a build up of pressure followed by a
release

Answer 20

Stops

Question 21

why are Nasal consonants stops?

Answer 21

because they involve oral closure

Question 22

Oral stops are also called ____________.

Answer 22

plosives

Question 23

like a brief stop, with no build up of
pressure

Answer 23

flap or tap

Question 24

A vibration of one articulator against
another

Answer 24

Trills

Question 25

opening too narrow for the air to flow smoothly; this creates turbulence

Answer 25

Fricative

Question 26

a stop with a fricative release

Answer 26

Affricate

Question 27

examples of affricates?

Answer 27

[ʧ] watch [ʤ] judge

Question 28

Relatively slight closure

Answer 28

Approximants

Question 29

What are the type of approximants?

Answer 29

Liquids and glide

Question 30

examples of liquid

Answer 30

[l] lip [ɹ] rip

Question 31

examples of glide

Answer 31

[j] yes [w] weather

Question 32

[l] and [ɹ] are both ______________?

Answer 32

voiced alveolar oral approximates

Question 33

[ɹ] is a _________ consonant

Answer 33

central

Question 34

[l] is a __________ consonant

Answer 34

lateral

Question 35

Air is released over the center of the tongue

Answer 35

central consonants

Question 36

Air is released along the sides

Answer 36

lateral consonants

Question 37

What are some things to be aware of ?

Answer 37

Upper and lower case matters, Some consonant symbols don’t represent the sounds you might expect!

Question 38

How many consonant phonemes does English have?

Answer 38

20

Question 39

When would we use slashes? ex: /tɑp/, /stɑp/, /pɑt/

Answer 39

if we only care about the basic phoneme

Question 40

When would we use square brackets? ex; [tʰɑp ̚ ], [stɑp ̚ ], [pʰɑt ̚], [ˈsɪɾi]

Answer 40

If we care about the details