Lecture 9: Experiencing imprisonment (vulnerable populations)

Question 1

Who is vulnerable to some extent in prison?

Answer 1

Everyone

Question 2

What symptoms involve a rupture with reality?

Answer 2

Psychotic

Question 3

What refers to drinking that is hazardous but not addiction?

Answer 3

Hazardous drinking

Question 4

Putting sex offenders together in one wing is said to increase what?

Answer 4

Their vulnerability

Question 5

What category of staff can prisoners sometimes blame for their imprisonment?

Answer 5

Police

Question 6

What has contributed to the rise in older prisoners?

Answer 6

Longer sentences and an aging population

Question 7

What term refers to the difficulties older prisoners have in adjusting to release?

Answer 7

Resettlement issues

Question 8

What does HMMPS stand for?

Answer 8

Her Majesty’s Prison and Probation Service

Question 9

What term refers to prisons being designed without considering older inmates’ needs?

Answer 9

Institutional thoughtlessness

Question 10

Why might a dying prisoner not receive adequate pain relief medication?

Answer 10

Security restrictions on medications

Question 11

What term refers to sex offenders seen as the lowest of all offenders?

Answer 11

Nonces

Question 12

What does VPU stand for?

Answer 12

Vulnerable Prisoners Unit

Question 13

What does “fronting out” refer to?

Answer 13

Sex offenders concealing their offence

Question 14

What concept refers to sex offenders taking on their offence as their identity?

Answer 14

Master status

Question 15

What risk is there in putting sex offenders together in prison?

Answer 15

Networking

Question 16

What coping strategy involves sex offenders ignoring each other’s offences?

Answer 16

Deliberate ignorance

Question 17

What concept refers to the difficulties reconciling professional duties towards sex offenders with instinctive disgust?

Answer 17

Emotional labour

Question 18

What is said to require conscious effort when working with sex offenders?

Answer 18

Compartmentalization

Question 19

Who may hold more negative attitudes towards sex offenders than the general public?

Answer 19

Officers

Question 20

What has caused the increase in older prisoners?

Answer 20

Longer sentences and more historic offence prosecutions

Question 21

What is said to be needed with mobility impaired older prisoners?

Answer 21

Wheelchair assistants

Question 22

What medical conditions are noted as more prevalent in older inmates?

Answer 22

Dementia and incontinence

Question 23

What is noted as often lacking in medical care for dying inmates?

Answer 23

Pain management

Question 24

What policy change can enable the early release of a dying prisoner?

Answer 24

Compassionate parole

Question 25

Which group experiences the document state typically has better education backgrounds?

Answer 25

Child sex offenders

Question 26

What are sex offenders against both children and adult noted as being?

Answer 26

Rare

Question 27

What hierarchical status do sex offenders hold?

Answer 27

The lowest

Question 28

What Rule outlines guidelines for protecting vulnerable inmates?

Answer 28

Rule 45

Question 29

What does research show some treatment staff view sex offenders as?

Answer 29

Manipulative and devious

Question 30

What is said to sometimes 'spill over' when working with sex offenders?

Answer 30

Emotions

Question 31

What does research show is needed to work effectively with sex offenders?

Answer 31

Emotional regulation

Question 32

What has likely increased sex offender numbers in prison?

Answer 32

Changes in prosecution rules

Question 33

What concept refers to loss of identity outside an institution?

Answer 33

Mortification

Question 34

What is a common hazard for physically impaired inmates?

Answer 34

Social exclusion

Question 35

What issue relating to sex offenders does the document state likely challenges resettlement?

Answer 35

Community attitudes

Question 36

What does research highlight as a need for officers working with sex offenders?

Answer 36

Specific training

Question 37

What are factors associated with vulnerable (to wound)?

Answer 37

- Susceptible - Defenceless - Helpless - Weak - Exposed

Question 38

What does importing pre-existing vulnerabilities make more difficult?

Answer 38

Makes adaption and coping more difficult

Question 39

How are some people more vulnerable because of the prison environment?

Answer 39

- Physical layout and conditions of prison - Use of separate accommodation according to perceived vulnerabilities

Question 40

What is the fastest growing age group in prisons?

Answer 40

Older prisoners

Question 41

What is the impact of longer and life sentences on older prisoners?

Answer 41

Greater difficulties for resettlement

Question 42

What is the HMPPS response to problems with older prisoners?

Answer 42

Emergence of specialist assisted living units and older prisoner units

Question 43

What challenges for prison officers are there in relation to older prisoners?

Answer 43

Having to care rather than control

Question 44

What is institutional thoughtlessness in prisons? - Crawley and Sparks 2005

Answer 44

Way in which prison regimes roll on with little reference to needs and sensibilities of the old

Question 45

Examples of institutional thoughtlessness:

Answer 45

- Physical layout: stairs - Social exclusion: work, gym, educational - Fear of decline and dying in prison

Question 46

What do sexual offenders provoke?

Answer 46

- Strong, emotive feelings among general population - These attitudes are imported into prisons, by prisoners and staff

Question 47

What type of sexual offenders against adults?

Answer 47

Specialists or generalists

Question 48

What type of sexual offenders against children?

Answer 48

Typically older

Question 49

Why are people convicted of sexual offending are doubly excluded?

Answer 49

'Outcast among outcasts'

Question 50

What impact on prison experience do sexual offenders feel?

Answer 50

Bullying, threats and fatal violence

Question 51

What is HMPPS response for sexual offenders?

Answer 51

- Rule 45 - Use of vulnerable prison units (VPUs) - Specialist prisons

Question 52

How do sex offenders cope on normal location?

Answer 52

Fronting out

Question 53

What difficulties do sex offenders have in concealing their offence in normal location?

Answer 53

'Passing' - Schwaebe

Question 54

How do sex offenders cope on VPU or dedicated prison?

Answer 54

- Offence integral to personal and social identity - Greater safety and ease of treatment access

Question 55

Criticisms of sex offenders on VPU or dedicated prisons:

Answer 55

- Potential to facilitate networking - Reinforcement of identity?

Question 56

Managing a spoiled identity for sex offenders:

Answer 56

- Coping strategy through scapegoating? Offending hierarchies including between ‘nonces’​ - Deliberate ignorance of each other's offences

Question 57

How do trained treatment facilitators view their sex offender clients?

Answer 57

‘Viewed their clients commonly as manipulative and devious individuals’

Question 58

What is professional-personal dialectic?

Answer 58

- Separate individual from offence and reconcile professional responsibilities from instinctive feelings of disgust - Compartmentalization of work and personal life