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Prisons and Prisoners Lectures > Lecture 10: Experiencing imprisonment (minority populations) > Flashcards

Lecture 10: Experiencing imprisonment (minority populations) Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of the prison population are women?

A

4%

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2
Q

What percentage of women prisoners are imprisoned for non-violent offences?

A

69%

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3
Q

What percentage of women prisoners serve less than 12 month sentences?

A

77%

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4
Q

What percentage of women prisoners are from BAME backgrounds?

A

16%

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5
Q

What term refers to the lack of facilities for women prisoners?

A

The Cinderalla estate

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6
Q

How far on average are women imprisoned from their homes?

A

60 miles

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7
Q

What does OBP stand for?

A

Offending behaviour programme

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8
Q

What units allow some mothers to keep toddlers with them in prison?

A

Mother and baby units (MBUs)

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9
Q

When mothers are separated what percentage of their children are cared for by fathers?

A

9%

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10
Q

What has been found to be the most difficult aspect of imprisonment for mothers?

A

Missing their children

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11
Q

What term refers to trauma originating before prison?

A

Imported trauma

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12
Q

Approximately what percentage of women prisoners have had mental health issues?

A

76%

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13
Q

What are women prisoners more likely to do than male prisoners?

A

Self-harm

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14
Q

What characteristic of female self-harm in prison is noted in the document?

A

Its competitiveness

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15
Q

What best describes the current approach to women’s imprisonment?

A

Rehabilitation

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16
Q

What government commission found evidence of institutional racism after Zahud’s death?

A

The Commission for Racial Equality

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17
Q

Prisoner Zahud Mubarek was murdered by which group?

A

His cellmate

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18
Q

What did the Keith Report find evidence of in the prison system?

A

Racism

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19
Q

Which ethnic group is notably underrepresented in prisons?

A

Chinese

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20
Q

What religious group is the fastest growing population in prisons?

A

Muslim

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21
Q

What pains do people of colour experience in prison?

A

Institutional racism

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22
Q

What does BAME stand for?

A

Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic people

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23
Q

What legal method can challenge racial discrimination in prisons?

A

Human rights legislation

24
Q

What have BAME prisoners reported receiving disproportionate response for?

A

Adjudications

25
Q

What change was made to address risk factors highlighted after Zahud’s death?

A

Abolition of enforced cell sharing

26
Q

What characteristic in common is noted of female offenders?

A

Relationship issues

27
Q

What offence are Pakistani heritage men disproportionately imprisoned for?

A

Child grooming

28
Q

What unit will self-harming women prisoners likely be placed in?

A

Segregation or in a health care unit

29
Q

What will mothers in prison who lose custody often lose as well?

A

Housing

30
Q

What term refers to loss of identity upon imprisonment?

A

Mortification

31
Q

What new approach aims to reduce women’s imprisonment in Scotland?

A

Community sentences

32
Q

What 2001 quote refers to pockets of blatant racism in prisons?

A

The head of the Prison Service

33
Q

What best explains disproportionate imprisonment rates of BAME groups?

A

Poverty

34
Q

What change aims to make staffing more representative of inmates?

A

Minority recruitment

35
Q

What strategy involves prisoners complaining about racial issues?

A

Councils

36
Q

What key shared issue is noted for women prisoners?

A

Trauma

37
Q

What is noted as making imprisonment harder for mothers?

A

Missing children

38
Q

What legal approach has challenged discrimination against minorities?

A

Human Rights Law

39
Q

What change followed recommendations after Zahud Mubaruk’s murder?

A

Overhaul of cell-sharing risk assessments

40
Q

What are two key minorities?

A

Women and people of colour

41
Q

Why has there been longstanding call for gendered justice?

A
  • Distinctive profile of female prisoners means they require a different approach
  • Equal treatment to men does not mean identical treatment
42
Q

Who has a higher rate of arson?

A

Women

43
Q

What are womens killings typically?

A

Expressive and rationale

44
Q

How many female prisons are there?

A

12 closed and open prisons

45
Q

Why do women self-harm?

A
  • Reflects feelings of self-disgust, depression and grief
  • Emotionally feel better as they are in physical pain
46
Q

What does Gregory 2003 call omnipresent and competitive self-harm?

A

‘The mutilation marathon’

47
Q

What is there a continuing focus on for women in prison?

A

Early intervention and more community-based solutions

48
Q

What is there a new emphasis on for women prisons policies and practices?

A

‘Whole system approach’ and gender-specific, trauma-formed policies and practices

49
Q

Examples of new gender specific and trauma informed policies and practices:

A
  • Prison design
  • Practical interventions
50
Q

What are black people over represented for?

A
  • Robbery
  • Drug offences
  • Fraud
51
Q

What offence are Pakistani-heritage men know to commit?

A
  • Child sexual grooming
  • Drug offences
52
Q

What is an example of racially motivated murder in prison?

A

Muder of Zahud (2000)

53
Q

What does Martin Narey 2001 say about institutional racism?

A

There are pockets of blatant and malicious racism within the service

54
Q

Experiences of differential treatment for BAME in prison?

A
  • Racial abuse and intimidation from prisoners and staff
  • Unfair treatment in initial risk assessments
55
Q

How do BAME adapt to pains of racism?

A
  • Acceptance
  • Resistance
  • Individual rebellion
56
Q

How are organisational and legal responses addressing internal decision-making for BAME?

A
  • Creating a more diverse workforce
  • Addressing internal decision-making
57
Q

Define racially motivated abuse and assault:

A

‘Any incident perceived to be racial by the victim or any other person’​

Prisons and Prisoners Lectures (18 decks)

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