Lecture8: Nerves Of Thorax And Diaphragm Flashcards

1
Q

As the Vagi pass through the thorax, they provide… to the thoracic viscera?

A

Parasympathetic innervation

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2
Q

Both right and left vagi give branches to?

A

Esophagus, pulmonary plexus, and cardiac plexus

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3
Q

The Right vagus nerve enters which division of the mediastinum?

A

The Superior

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4
Q

The left vagus nerve descends between both?

A

Left common carotid and left subclavian

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5
Q

What is the branch of the Left Vagus nerve?

A

The Left recurrent laryngeal nerve

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6
Q

Where does the Left Recurrent Laryngeal nerve recur?

A

Below the arch of aorta

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7
Q

Injury to left recurrent laryngeal nerve leads to?

A

Left vocal fold paralysis and hoarseness of voice

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8
Q

How does the Left laryngeal nerve get injured?

A

Via an aneurysm of the aortic arch and or a mediastinal tumor

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9
Q

Where does the Phrenic nerve arise from?

A

C3-C5

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10
Q

Where does the Phrenic nerve run relative to the root of the lung?

A

Anterior to it

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11
Q

Where does the Vagus nerve run relative to the root of the lung?

A

Posterior

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12
Q

What does the Phrenic nerve give motor supply to?

A

The diaphragm

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13
Q

What innervates the fibrous pericardium and both mediastinal and diaphragmatic pleurae?

A

The Phrenic nerve

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14
Q

The right Phrenic nerve descends in which position relative to the root of the lung?

A

In front of it

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15
Q

What does the Left Phrenic nerve descend between?

A

Both left common carotid and subclavian arteries

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16
Q

What do both Phrenic nerves lay relative to the root of the lung?

A

In front of it

17
Q

What does the Right Phrenic nerve pierce on the inferior surface of the diaphragm?

A

The IVC

18
Q

What does the Left Phrenic nerve pierce on the the inferior surface of the diaphragm?

A

The Left copula

19
Q

What causes a complete paralysis of the corresponding half of the diaphragm?

A

Lesion of the Phrenic nerve

20
Q

What is a hiccup?

A

An involuntary diaphragmatic spasmodic sharp contraction

21
Q

What causes hiccups?

A

Stimulation of nerve endings in the digestive tract and or diaphragm

22
Q

What is the diaphragm insertion?

A

Central tendon

23
Q

What forms the left and right copula?

A

The elevated lateral parts of the central tendon

24
Q

What is the diaphragm motor supply?

A

Phrenic nerve

25
Q

What is the diaphragm sensory supply?

A

Left intercostal nerves

26
Q

Which part of the diaphragm acts as a sphincter to the lower end of the esophagus?

A

Right crus

27
Q

At what level is the IVC opening?

A

T8

28
Q

Where is the IVC opening?

A

Central tendon

29
Q

Where is the Oesophageal opening?

A

Right crus

30
Q

What is the Oesophageal opening level?

A

T10

31
Q

Where is the Aortic Opening?

A

Posterior to the median cruciate ligament

32
Q

What is the aortic opening level?

A

T12

33
Q

Structures passing through aortic opening?

A

Aorta, Azygos vein and thoracic duct

34
Q

What is congenital hernia?

A

When the diaphragm fails to fuse thus leaving an opening

35
Q

What is hiatal hernia?

A

When the fundus of the stomach herniates into the posterior mediastinum

36
Q

Hiatal hernia symptoms?

A

Acid reflux