Leg & Foot

Question 1

What tendon attaches to the tibial tuberosity?

Answer 1

Patellar ligament.

Question 2

What are the “sticky out bits” of the ankle called?

Answer 2

Medial and lateral malleoli.

Question 3

Which toe is used as a landmark to identify extensor tendons?

Answer 3

Hallux (big toe).

Question 4

Which bone in the leg bears most body weight?

Answer 4

Tibia.

Question 5

What connects the tibia and fibula?

Answer 5

Interosseous membrane.

Question 6

How many tarsal bones are there?

Answer 6

7.

Question 7

Name the proximal tarsal bones.

Answer 7

Talus and calcaneus.

Question 8

What are the distal tarsals?

Answer 8

Cuboid and three cuneiforms.

Question 9

Which nerve runs with the short saphenous vein and is used in nerve grafts?

Answer 9

Sural nerve.

Question 10

Where does the sural nerve emerge from?

Answer 10

Popliteal fossa.

Question 11

Muscles of the anterior compartment?

Answer 11

Tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, fibularis tertius.

Question 12

Nerve and artery supply of the anterior compartment?

Answer 12

Deep fibular nerve, anterior tibial artery.

Question 13

Main function of the anterior compartment?

Answer 13

Dorsiflexion (L4–L5).

Question 14

Are tibialis muscles invertors or evertors?

Answer 14

Invertors.

Question 15

Which artery becomes dorsalis pedis?

Answer 15

Anterior tibial artery.

Question 16

Where is the dorsalis pedis artery located?

Answer 16

Deep to extensor hallucis longus tendon on dorsum of the foot.

Question 17

Muscles of the lateral compartment?

Answer 17

Fibularis longus and brevis.

Question 18

Nerve and blood supply to the lateral compartment?

Answer 18

Superficial fibular nerve, fibular artery (via perforators).

Question 19

Function of the lateral compartment?

Answer 19

Eversion of the foot (L5, S1).

Question 20

Name the superficial muscles.

Answer 20

Gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris.

Question 21

Nerve and artery supply of deep posterior compartment?

Answer 21

Tibial nerve, posterior tibial artery.

Question 22

Main function?

Answer 22

Plantarflexion (S1, S2).

Question 23

What is the squeeze test for?

Answer 23

Assessing calcaneal (Achilles) tendon rupture.

Question 24

Name the deep muscles.

Answer 24

Tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, popliteus.

Question 25

Mnemonic for tarsal tunnel contents?

Answer 25

TOM, DICK ANd HARRY (Tibialis posterior, flexor Digitorum longus, artery/nerve, flexor Hallucis longus)

Question 26

Where does the great saphenous vein run?

Answer 26

Anterior to the medial malleolus.

Question 27

Where does the short saphenous vein run?

Answer 27

Posterior leg with the sural nerve.

Question 28

What is the talocrural joint?

Answer 28

The ankle joint (between tibia, fibula, and talus).

Question 29

When is the ankle joint most stable?

Answer 29

In dorsiflexion.

Question 30

What is the subtalar joint responsible for?

Answer 30

Inversion and eversion.

Question 31

Name the three lateral ankle ligaments.

Answer 31

Anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular, calcaneofibular.

Question 32

What injuries stretch lateral ligaments?

Answer 32

Inversion injuries (varus force).

Question 33

Name the deltoid ligament components.

Answer 33

Anterior tibiotalar, posterior tibiotalar, tibiocalcaneal, tibionavicular.

Question 34

What injuries stretch deltoid ligaments?

Answer 34

Eversion injuries (valgus force).

Question 35

What are the 3 arches of the foot?

Answer 35

Medial, lateral (longitudinal), and transverse.

Question 36

What structure supports the medial arch?

Answer 36

Tibialis posterior.

Question 37

What ligament acts like a spring to support arches?

Answer 37

Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring ligament).

Question 38

What is plantar fasciitis?

Answer 38

Inflammation/tightening of the plantar aponeurosis.

Question 39

What is the dynamic support of foot arches?

Answer 39

Muscles that cross the joints.

Question 40

What provides passive support to foot arches?

Answer 40

Ligaments: spring ligament, long/short plantar ligaments.

Question 41

What is pes cavus?

Answer 41

High medial arch.

Question 42

What is a trimalleolar fracture?

Answer 42

Fracture of medial, lateral, and posterior malleoli.

Question 43

What is a calcaneal fracture often caused by?

Answer 43

Landing from a height ("lover’s fracture").

Question 44

What is hallux valgus?

Answer 44

Bunion deformity – medial deviation of the first metatarsal.

Question 45

What is hallux varus?

Answer 45

Lateral deviation of the big toe (more common in barefoot populations).

Question 46

How can you identify a cross-section through the hallux?

Answer 46

Single phalanx, thick flexor hallucis longus tendon.