Block 11 Drugs

Question 1

What class is Ganirelix, and what is it used for?

Answer 1

GnRH antagonist used in assisted reproduction to prevent premature LH surges.

Question 2

What is the mechanism of action of Ganirelix?

Answer 2

blocks GnRH receptors in the pituitary, suppressing LH and FSH release.

Question 3

What are common side effects of Ganirelix?

Answer 3

Skin reactions, headache.

Question 4

What class is FSH, and what is it used for?

Answer 4

gonadotropin used for assisted conception.

Question 5

What is the mechanism of action of FSH?

Answer 5

stimulates ovarian follicles to grow and mature eggs.

Question 6

What are side effects of FSH?

Answer 6

Fatigue, headache, nausea, ovarian hyperstimulation, uterine pain.

Question 7

What class is folic acid, and what is it used for?

Answer 7

B-complex vitamin used to prevent neural tube defects.

Question 8

mechanism of action of folic acid?

Answer 8

precursor of tetrahydrofolic acid, involved in DNA synthesis and erythropoiesis.

Question 9

What are common side effects of folic acid?

Answer 9

Nausea, bloating, loss of appetite.

Question 10

What class is thalidomide, and what is it used for?

Answer 10

immunomodulatory agent used for multiple myeloma and leprosy.

Question 11

What is the mechanism of thalidomide?

Answer 11

inhibits IL-6 production, starving myeloma cells of growth signals.

Question 12

What are side effects of thalidomide?

Answer 12

Anaemia, arrhythmias, constipation,

Question 13

What class is magnesium sulphate, and what is it used for?

Answer 13

anticonvulsant used for preventing seizures in pre-eclampsia.

Question 14

How does magnesium sulphate work?

Answer 14

Blocks ACh release and inhibits Ca²⁺ influx, relaxing smooth muscle and nerves

Question 15

What are side effects of magnesium sulphate?

Answer 15

Bone demineralisation, electrolyte imbalance, osteopenia.

Question 16

What class is labetalol, and what is it used for?

Answer 16

beta blocker used for hypertension in pregnancy and hypertensive emergencies.

Question 17

What is labetalol’s mechanism of action?

Answer 17

It blocks alpha and beta receptors, lowering blood pressure.

Question 18

What are labetalol’s side effects?

Answer 18

Bradycardia, dizziness, depression

Question 19

What class is methyldopa, and what is it used for?

Answer 19

centrally acting antihypertensive used for hypertension.

Question 20

How does methyldopa work?

Answer 20

Stimulates alpha-2 receptors, reducing sympathetic tone and vasoconstriction.

Question 21

What are methyldopa’s side effects?

Answer 21

Drowsiness, dizziness, headaches, nasal congestion.

Question 22

What class is sodium valproate, and what is it used for?

Answer 22

anticonvulsant used to treat epilepsy.

Question 23

What is the mechanism of sodium valproate?

Answer 23

Inhibits GABA transaminase, increasing GABA, and acts on Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ channels.

Question 24

What are side effects of sodium valproate?

Answer 24

Abdominal pain, alopecia, anaemia,

Question 25

What class is oxytocin, and what is it used for?

Answer 25

oxytocic hormone used to induce or support labour.

Question 26

How does oxytocin work?

Answer 26

Stimulates uterine smooth muscle, increasing intracellular calcium for contractions.

Question 27

What are side effects of oxytocin?

Answer 27

Nausea, vomiting, arrhythmias,

Question 28

What class is flucloxacillin, and what is it used for?

Answer 28

narrow-spectrum penicillin used for beta-lactamase staph infections (e.g., mastitis).

Question 29

How does flucloxacillin work?

Answer 29

Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding PBPs.

Question 30

Side effects of flucloxacillin?

Answer 30

Nausea, rash, diarrhoea, vomiting.

Question 31

What class is tetracycline, and what is it used for?

Answer 31

polyketide antibiotic used for H. pylori eradication, chlamydia, etc.

Question 32

Mechanism of tetracycline?

Answer 32

Binds to 30S ribosome, blocking tRNA binding and protein synthesis.

Question 33

Side effects of tetracycline?

Answer 33

Angioedema, diarrhoea, headache, purpura.

Question 34

What class is gentamycin, and what is it used for?

Answer 34

aminoglycoside antibiotic used for bacterial eye/ear infections.

Question 35

How does gentamycin work?

Answer 35

Binds 30S ribosomal subunit, inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis.

Question 36

Side effects of gentamycin?

Answer 36

Deafness, bronchospasm, dizziness,

Question 37

What class is ampicillin, and what is it used for?

Answer 37

A penicillin antibiotic for UTIs, otitis media, sinusitis.

Question 38

Mechanism of ampicillin?

Answer 38

Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis in the final stage.

Question 39

Side effects of ampicillin?

Answer 39

Nausea, vomiting, rash, diarrhoea,

Question 40

What class is paracetamol, and what is it used for?

Answer 40

A non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic for mild/moderate pain & fever.

Question 41

How does paracetamol work?

Answer 41

Inhibits COX-1 and COX-2, reducing prostaglandin synthesis.

Question 42

Side effects of paracetamol?

Answer 42

Nausea, vomiting, constipation.

Question 43

What class is testosterone, and what is it used for?

Answer 43

An androgen used for hypogonadism, delayed puberty, and hormone therapy.

Question 44

Mechanism of testosterone?

Answer 44

Binds to androgen receptors, influencing gene transcription for male traits.

Question 45

Side effects of testosterone?

Answer 45

Acne, oedema, aggression,

Question 46

What class is somatropin, and what is it used for?

Answer 46

recombinant human growth hormone used for growth hormone deficiency, Turner syndrome, etc.

Question 47

Mechanism of somatropin?

Answer 47

Stimulates IGF-1 production, promoting tissue and bone growth.

Question 48

Side effects of somatropin?

Answer 48

Joint pain, headache, insulin resistance,