lesson 1 Flashcards
(32 cards)
What do green algae and land plants share?
A common ancestor; together called green plants.
Which green algae group is the sister to land plants?
Charophytes.
What group includes both charophytes and land plants?
Streptophytes.
What two major challenges did plants face on land?
Desiccation and water transport
What adaptation prevents water loss in land plants?
Waxy cuticle.
What solves the problem of gas exchange in land plants
Stomata.
What are tracheids?
Specialized cells for water and mineral transport.
What tissue transports water in plants?
Xylem.
What tissue transports food and organic molecules?
Phloem.
What type of life cycle do all land plants have?
Haplodiplontic (alternating multicellular haploid and diploid stages).
What does a gametophyte produce and how?
Gametes, by mitosis.
What are the three clades of bryophytes?
Mosses, liverworts, hornworts.
What does a sporophyte produce and how?
Haploid spores, by meiosi
What is the evolutionary trend in plant life cycles?
Dominance shifts from gametophyte to sporophyte
Why are bryophytes small and found in moist areas
They lack vascular tissue and true roots; need water for reproduction.
What are the three clades of tracheophytes?
Lycophytes, pterophytes, and seed pla
What advantage do vascular plants have?
Efficient transport systems allow larger growth.
What do lycophytes lack?
True leaves.
Which group includes ferns, horsetails, and whisk ferns?
Pterophytes.
What are euphylls?
True leaves with large surface area in ferns.
What makes seeds an evolutionary innovation?
Protection, nutrition, and dormancy for embryos.
What protects seeds from drought and microorganisms
Seed coat.
What is pollen and what does it do?
Male gametophyte that transports sperm without water.
What structure allows sperm to reach the egg in seed plants?
Pollen tube.
