unit 1 study guide Flashcards
(39 cards)
What do sporophytes produce and by what process?
Spores by meiosis.
What do gametophytes produce and by what process?
Eggs and sperm by mitosis.
Which part of the plant life cycle do flowers and cones belong to?
The sporophyte generation.
What is the ‘vessel’ in angiosperms?
The carpel.
Why was the evolution of pollen important?
It removed the need for water during fertilization.
What is the advantage of seeds in land plants?
Seeds protect and nourish the embryo and allow dormancy.
How are gametophytes protected in seed plants?
They are enclosed within sporophyte tissue.
Which organisms do angiosperms commonly form mutualisms with?
Birds, mammals, and insects.
What are the three embryonic meristem tissues?
Protoderm, Ground Meristem, Procambium.
What does the protoderm develop into?
Epidermis.
What does the ground meristem develop into?
Parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma.
What does the procambium develop into?
Xylem and phloem.
What is the function of xylem?
Transports water and minerals upward.
What is the function of phloem?
Transports sugars and hormones.
What is the function of the Casparian Strip?
Regulates water entry into vascular tissue in roots.
How do guard cells open and close stomata?
By changing water pressure inside the cells.
What drives water transport in xylem?
Cohesion, adhesion, water potential, and transpiration.
What drives sugar transport in phloem?
Pressure-flow from source to sink.
Where do plants get carbon and oxygen from?
From the atmosphere.
What is leghemoglobin’s role in nitrogen fixation?
Binds oxygen to protect nitrogenase in root nodules.
What do mycorrhizae do for plants?
Aid in water and nutrient absorption, especially phosphorus.
What is allelopathy?
Chemical communication to protect plants from herbivores or disease.
Name some plant secondary metabolites.
Quinine, Morphine, Taxol, Capsaicin, Piperine.
What does Auxin do?
Stimulates cell elongation by loosening the cell wall.
