random stuff

Question 1

What do gametophytes produce?

Answer 1

Gametes

Question 2

What do sporophytes produce?

Answer 2

Spores

Question 3

What life cycle pattern is shared by all plants?

Answer 3

Alternation of generations (gametophyte & sporophyte stages)

Question 4

Where are male gametophytes found in flowering plants?

Answer 4

In the pollen tube

Question 5

Where are female gametophytes found in flowering plants?

Answer 5

In the ovule

Question 6

What does high fecundity mean?

Answer 6

Producing many offspring (e.g., corn)

Question 7

What does low fecundity mean?

Answer 7

Producing few offspring (e.g., coconut)

Question 8

What are r-selected species?

Answer 8

Many offspring, little/no parental care

Question 9

What are K-selected species?

Answer 9

Few offspring, high parental investment

Question 10

What is parthenogenesis?

Answer 10

Asexual reproduction from unfertilized eggs

Question 11

What is sequential hermaphroditism?

Answer 11

Organism changes sex during its life

Question 12

What are simultaneous hermaphrodites?

Answer 12

Organisms with both male and female organs (e.g., earthworms)

Question 13

What cycle is phosphorus part of?

Answer 13

Long-term geologic cycle

Question 14

Why is nitrogen important to organisms?

Answer 14

It is required for amino acids

Question 15

What is the carbon cycle tied to?

Answer 15

Cellular respiration and photosynthesis

Question 16

What is primary productivity?

Answer 16

Total rate of photosynthesis in an area over time

Question 17

What is net productivity?

Answer 17

Energy left for the next trophic level after respiration

Question 18

What is leaching in soil?

Answer 18

Loss of nutrients due to water movement

Question 19

How do plant roots attract nutrients?

Answer 19

By releasing H⁺ ions, which lowers soil pH

Question 20

What element do amino acids contain that’s essential for proteins?

Answer 20

Nitrogen (N)

Question 21

What two functional groups are found in all amino acids?

Answer 21

Amine group (NH₂) and carboxyl group (COOH)

Question 22

What is primary productivity?

Answer 22

Total photosynthesis by producers

Question 23

What is net productivity?

Answer 23

Energy left for the next trophic level after respiration

Question 24

What units are used to measure productivity?

Answer 24

g/m²/yr (grams per square meter per year)

Question 25

which ecosystems have high net productivity?

Answer 25

Coral reefs and rainforests

Question 26

What causes energy loss in ecosystems?

Answer 26

Respiration, waste, and heat

Question 27

What makes up an ecosystem?

Answer 27

A community plus the abiotic environment

Question 28

What are primary consumers?

Answer 28

Herbivores

Question 29

What are secondary consumers?

Answer 29

Organisms that eat herbivores

Question 30

What are tertiary consumers?

Answer 30

Top carnivores

Question 31

What are the four main nutrient cycles?

Answer 31

Carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and water (H₂O)

Question 32

What are the major processes in the carbon cycle?

Answer 32

Photosynthesis, respiration, and decomposition

Question 33

What are the key steps in the nitrogen cycle?

Answer 33

Fixation → Nitrification → Assimilation → Ammonification → Denitrification

Question 34

What drives the phosphorus cycle?

Answer 34

Rock weathering, sediment movement, and plant uptake

Question 35

What are the stages of the water cycle?

Answer 35

Evaporation, condensation, precipitation, runoff

Question 36

What is monoculture?

Answer 36

A farming system with low biodiversity and high disturbance

Question 37

What is glyphosate (RoundUp) used for?

Answer 37

Herbicide applied to kill crops before harvest

Question 38

What is leaching?

Answer 38

Loss of soil nutrients carried away by water

Question 39

Which nutrients are most affected by leaching?

Answer 39

Nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate

Question 40

Why is leaching worse in sandy soil?

Answer 40

Sandy soils are negatively charged and repel negatively charged nutrients

Question 41

How do plant roots attract nutrients?

Answer 41

By releasing H⁺ ions, which lowers pH

Question 42

Why is iron-rich soil better for nutrient retention?

Answer 42

It has positively charged particles that attract and hold nutrients

Question 43

What is the 10% Rule?

Answer 43

Only ~10% of energy is passed to the next trophic level

Question 44

Where does the rest of the energy go?

Answer 44

Lost as heat, waste, or used in respiration

Question 45

Why is nitrogen important in biology?

Answer 45

It's used to build amino acids and proteins

Question 46

Where is carbon found and how is it cycled?

Answer 46

Found in all life; cycled via photosynthesis, respiration, and decomposit

Question 47

How is phosphorus cycled?

Answer 47

Through the geologic cycle—rocks, sediment, and water

Question 48

What are the steps of the nitrogen cycle?

Answer 48

Fixation → Nitrification → Assimilation → Ammonification → Denitrification