Lesson 17: Grammar Review Flashcards by Marcia Young

The three tenses that make up the present system are ___.

present, imperfect, future

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In English I praise is the ___ present, I am praising is the ___ present, and I do praise is the ___ present.

simple; progressive; emphatic

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2nd-declension -um nouns are always ___ in gender.

neuter

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The perfect tense describes what kind of action?

a one-time action completed in the past

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What is the to/for case?

dative

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What is the possessive case?

genitive

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Nouns that name non-living things have ___ gender.

grammatical

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The predicate tells ___

what the subject is or does

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Verbs have ___ endings and nouns have ___ endings.

personal, tense; case

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Give three translations for the Latin noun mensa.

table, a table, the table

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How many declensions are there? Name them.

five; 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th

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The pluperfect tense endings are identical to ___.

the imperfect tense of sum

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How many conjugations are there? Name them.

four; first, second, third, fourth

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What is Sentence Pattern #2?

Subject + Verb + Direct Object

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Give three translations for amavi.

I loved, I have loved, I did love

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What is the first complement in this text?

the complementary infinitive

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The two basic parts of a sentence are ___.

the subject and the predicate

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The to be verb shows ___, not ___.

existence; action

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What are principal parts? How many are there?

The forms that provide the stems needed to conjugate a verb in all its tenses. There are usually four principal parts.

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The perfect tense is built on the ___ stem.

perfect

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What is the of case?

genitive

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To what does the case of a noun refer?

the job (function) of a noun in a sentence

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The future perfect tense is built on the ___ stem.

perfect

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What is the subject case?

nominative

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Give the two grammar numbers.

singular, plural

The natural gender rule ___ all other gender rules.

trumps

The subject tells

**who** or **what** the sentence is about

In Latin grammar, *perfect* means \_\_\_.

finished

The genitive singular of a 1st-declension noun always ends in \_\_\_.

-**ae**

Give the English forms of the *to be* verb.

am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been

Give two Latin words that have the long sound of the five vowels.

glória Jesu

Three exceptions to the 1st-declension gender rule are \_\_\_.

**agricola, nauta, poeta**

In Latin and English, hard c has the sound of

/k/

Name the two subgroups of the 2nd declension, and give their gender.

1. **-us** nouns with masculine gender 2. **-um** nouns with neuter gender

How do you find the present stem?

Drop **re** from the infinitive

What English helping verb translates the Latin future tenses?

will

In Latin grammar, *imperfect* means \_\_\_.

not finished

What is *Sentence Pattern #1*?

Subject + Verb

Give the three grammar persons.

first person, second person, third person

What English helping verbs translate the imperfect tense?

were, was

In Latin, **gn** is pronounced like \_\_\_. Give two examples.

/ny/; **pugno** (I fight), **magnus** (large)

What is the *in/by/with/from* case?

ablative

The tenses that make up the present system are \_\_\_, \_\_\_, ___ and they are built on the \_\_\_.

perfect, pluperfect, future perfect; perfect stem

2nd-declension **-us** nouns are usually ___ in gender.

masculine

The imperfect tense is used to describe an \_\_\_, \_\_\_, ___ or ___ \_\_\_action.

ongoing, repeated, habitual; interrupted

The genitive singular of a 2nd-declension noun always ends in \_\_\_.

**-i**

1st-declension nouns are usually what gender?

feminine

Soft c has the sound of ___ in English and ___ in Latin.

/s/; /ch/

The present system is built on the \_\_\_.

present stem

The English infinitive is written with the particle ___ before the verb.

The three genders are \_\_\_.

masculine, feminine, neuter

Verb families are called \_\_\_.

conjugations

What is the *direct object* case?

accusative

Give the six attributes of a Latin verb.

conjugation, person, number, tense, voice, mood

Name the cases in order.

nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, ablative

The infinitive ending for all 1st conjugation verbs is \_\_\_.

**-are**

What is the name of the 2nd principal part?

infinitive

What is the *neuter* rule?

nominative and accusative endings are the same nominative and accusative plural ending is **-a**

The future perfect tense endings are identical to ___ except for the \_\_\_.

the future tense of **sum**; 3rd person plural

The 1st person is the person \_\_\_. The 2nd person is the person \_\_\_. The 3rd person is the person \_\_\_.

speaking spoken to spoken about

Give the names, from left to right, of the last three syllables of a Latin word.

antepenult; penult; ultima

Verb familes are called \_\_\_, and noun families are called \_\_\_.

conjugations; declensions

Always in Latin and usually in English, c, g, and sc are _hard_ before

**a, o, u**, consonants

Give the five vowel letters and their long sounds in Latin.

a, e, i, o, u /ah/ /ay/ /ee/ /oh/ ōō/

Something that completes the action of the verb is a \_\_\_.

complement

What English helping verb translates the pluperfect tense?

had

Latin does not have the English articles \_\_\_.

a, an, the

The imperfect tense sign is \_\_\_.

**ba**

Give the four attributes of nouns.

declension, gender, number, and case

Nouns that name male or female persons or animals have ___ gender. Give three English examples.

natural; *sister, brother, father, queen, king, uncle, etc.*

What English helping verbs translate the Latin perfect tense?

have, has, did

Give the regular endings for the principal parts of 1st conjugation verbs.

**-o -are -avi -atus**

Always in Latin and usually in English, c, g, and sc are _soft_ before

**e, i, ae, oe**

Give the names for the three forms of the English present tense.

simple present, progressive present, emphatic present

The pluperfect tense is built on the ___ stem.

perfect

The accent is on the ___ unless the ___ is marked.

penult; antepenult

The stem vowel of the 1st conjugation is \_\_.

How do you find the perfect stem?

Drop **-i** from the 3rd principal part.

The future perfect tense describes what kind of action?

a future action that will be completed prior to another future action

What is the *indirect object* case?

dative

How many Latin tenses are there? Name them.

six; present, imperfect, future, perfect, pluperfect, future perfect

What English helping verbs translate the future perfect tense?

will have

The pluperfect tense describes what kind of action?

a past action completed prior to another past action