Lesson 22: Grammar Review

Question 1

Counting numbers are called ___ numbers.

Answer 1

cardinal

Question 2

The genitive singular of a 2nd-declension noun always ends in ___.

Answer 2

-i

Question 3

In Latin an adjective must agree with its noun in ___, ___, and ___, but not ___.

Answer 3

gender, number, case; declension

Question 4

The accent is on the ___ unless the ___ is marked.

Answer 4

penult; antepenult

Question 5

Give two Latin words that have the long sound of the five vowels.

Answer 5

glória Jesu

Question 6

The stem vowel of the 1st conjugation is __.

Answer 6

a

Question 7

2nd-declension -us nouns are usually ___ in gender.

Answer 7

masculine

Question 8

Nouns that name non-living things have ___ gender.

Answer 8

grammatical

Question 9

The predicate tells ___

Answer 9

what the subject is or does

Question 10

The to be verb shows ___, not ___.

Answer 10

existence; action

Question 11

The infinitive ending for all 1st conjugation verbs is ___.

Answer 11

-are

Question 12

What English helping verbs translate the imperfect tense?

Answer 12

were, was

Question 13

What are principal parts? How many are there?

Answer 13

The forms that provide the stems needed to conjugate a verb in all its tenses. There are usually four principal parts.

Question 14

How many Latin tenses are there? Name them.

Answer 14

six; present, imperfect, future, perfect, pluperfect, future perfect

Question 15

In Latin and English, hard c has the sound of

Answer 15

/k/

Question 16

What is the direct object case?

Answer 16

accusative

Question 17

What is Sentence Pattern #4?

Answer 17

Subject + Linking verb + Predicate Nominative

Question 18

Verbs have ___ endings and nouns have ___ endings.

Answer 18

personal, tense; case

Question 19

The genitive singular of a 1st-declension noun always ends in ___.

Answer 19

-ae

Question 20

How do you find the present stem?

Answer 20

Drop re from the infinitive

Question 21

The pluperfect tense describes what kind of action?

Answer 21

a past action completed prior to another past action

Question 22

The future perfect tense describes what kind of action?

Answer 22

a future action that will be completed prior to another future action

Question 23

The 1st person is the person ___.

The 2nd person is the person ___.

The 3rd person is the person ___.

Answer 23

speaking

spoken to

spoken about

Question 24

What is Sentence Pattern #2?

Answer 24

Subject + Verb + Direct Object

Question 25

Give three translations for the Latin noun **mensa**.

Answer 25

table, a table, the table

Question 26

Numbers which indicate the order of things in a series are called ___ numbers.

Answer 26

ordinal

Question 27

What is the *in/by/with/from* case?

Answer 27

ablative

Question 28

How many declensions are there? Name them.

Answer 28

five; 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th

Question 29

What is *Sentence Pattern #1*?

Answer 29

Subject + Verb

Question 30

Verb familes are called \_\_\_, and noun families are called \_\_\_.

Answer 30

conjugations; declensions

Question 31

In English *I praise* is the ___ present, *I am praising* is the ___ present, and *I do praise* is the ___ present.

Answer 31

simple; progressive; emphatic

Question 32

The tenses that make up the present system are \_\_\_, \_\_\_, ___ and they are built on the \_\_\_.

Answer 32

perfect, pluperfect, future perfect; perfect stem

Question 33

Give the two grammar numbers.

Answer 33

singular, plural

Question 34

The subject and verb must agree in \_\_\_.

Answer 34

person and number

Question 35

What English helping verb translates the pluperfect tense?

Answer 35

had

Question 36

The future perfect tense endings are identical to ___ except for the \_\_\_.

Answer 36

the future tense of **sum**; 3rd person plural

Question 37

Latin does not have the English articles \_\_\_.

Answer 37

a, an, the

Question 38

In Latin grammar, *imperfect* means \_\_\_.

Answer 38

not finished

Question 39

Name the cases in order.

Answer 39

nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, ablative

Question 40

The imperfect tense sign is \_\_\_.

Answer 40

**ba**

Question 41

What English helping verb translates the Latin future tenses?

Answer 41

will

Question 42

What is the *possessive* case?

Answer 42

genitive

Question 43

The subject tells

Answer 43

**who** or **what** the sentence is about

Question 44

The English infinitive is written with the particle ___ before the verb.

Answer 44

to

Question 45

Give three translations for **amavi**.

Answer 45

I loved, I have loved, I did love

Question 46

The declension a noun belongs to is determend by the ___ ending.

Answer 46

genitive singular

Question 47

What is the name of the 2nd principal part?

Answer 47

infinitive

Question 48

The three genders are \_\_\_.

Answer 48

masculine, feminine, neuter

Question 49

Give the four attributes of nouns.

Answer 49

declension, gender, number, and case

Question 50

The present system is built on the \_\_\_.

Answer 50

present stem

Question 51

The pluperfect tense endings are identical to \_\_\_.

Answer 51

the imperfect tense of **sum**

Question 52

In Latin grammar, *perfect* means \_\_\_.

Answer 52

finished

Question 53

Give the five vowel letters and their long sounds in Latin.

Answer 53

a, e, i, o, u /ah/ /ay/ /ee/ /oh/ ōō/

Question 54

1st-declension nouns are usually what gender?

Answer 54

feminine

Question 55

Three exceptions to the 1st-declension gender rule are \_\_\_.

Answer 55

**agricola, nauta, poeta**

Question 56

What is the first complement in this text?

Answer 56

the complementary infinitive

Question 57

Masculine and feminine nouns of the 3rd declension have ___ case endings.

Answer 57

the same

Question 58

Give the three grammar persons.

Answer 58

first person, second person, third person

Question 59

What is the *neuter* rule?

Answer 59

nominative and accusative endings are the same nominative and accusative plural ending is **-a**

Question 60

Usually an adjective of ___ precedes a noun, and an adjective of ___ follows a noun.

Answer 60

quantity or size; quality

Question 61

Give the regular endings for the principal parts of 1st conjugation verbs.

Answer 61

**-o -are -avi -atus**

Question 62

Give the English forms of the *to be* verb.

Answer 62

am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been

Question 63

The future perfect tense is built on the ___ stem.

Answer 63

perfect

Question 64

The perfect tense is built on the ___ stem.

Answer 64

perfect

Question 65

What English helping verbs translate the future perfect tense?

Answer 65

will have

Question 66

What is *Sentence Pattern #3*?

Answer 66

Subject + Linking verb + Predicate Adjective

Question 67

Give the six attributes of a Latin verb.

Answer 67

conjugation, person, number, tense, voice, mood

Question 68

What is the *indirect object* case?

Answer 68

dative

Question 69

Give the names for the three forms of the English present tense.

Answer 69

simple present, progressive present, emphatic present

Question 70

What is the *to/for* case?

Answer 70

dative

Question 71

What does an adjective do?

Answer 71

An adjective modifies or describes a noun or pronoun.

Question 72

2nd-declension **-um** nouns are always ___ in gender.

Answer 72

neuter

Question 73

Soft c has the sound of ___ in English and ___ in Latin.

Answer 73

/s/; /ch/

Question 74

Nouns that name male or female persons or animals have ___ gender. Give three English examples.

Answer 74

natural; *sister, brother, father, queen, king, uncle, etc.*

Question 75

What English helping verbs translate the Latin perfect tense?

Answer 75

have, has, did

Question 76

The imperfect tense is used to describe an \_\_\_, \_\_\_, ___ or ___ \_\_\_action.

Answer 76

ongoing, repeated, habitual; interrupted

Question 77

The pluperfect tense is built on the ___ stem.

Answer 77

perfect

Question 78

Give the names, from left to right, of the last three syllables of a Latin word.

Answer 78

antepenult; penult; ultima

Question 79

Always in Latin and usually in English, c, g, and sc are _soft_ before

Answer 79

**e, i, ae, oe**

Question 80

How do you find the perfect stem?

Answer 80

Drop **-i** from the 3rd principal part.

Question 81

To what does the *case* of a noun refer?

Answer 81

the job (function) of a noun in a sentence

Question 82

Always in Latin and usually in English, c, g, and sc are _hard_ before

Answer 82

**a, o, u**, consonants

Question 83

What is the *of* case?

Answer 83

genitive

Question 84

In Latin, **gn** is pronounced like \_\_\_. Give two examples.

Answer 84

/ny/; **pugno** (I fight), **magnus** (large)

Question 85

Name the two subgroups of the 2nd declension, and give their gender.

Answer 85

1. **-us** nouns with masculine gender 2. **-um** nouns with neuter gender

Question 86

Something that completes the action of the verb is a \_\_\_.

Answer 86

complement

Question 87

The perfect tense describes what kind of action?

Answer 87

a one-time action completed in the past

Question 88

What is the *subject* case?

Answer 88

nominative

Question 89

The natural gender rule ___ all other gender rules.

Answer 89

trumps

Question 90

How many conjugations are there? Name them.

Answer 90

four; first, second, third, fourth

Question 91

The three tenses that make up the present system are \_\_\_.

Answer 91

present, imperfect, future

Question 92

The genitive singular of a 3rd-declension noun always ends in \_\_\_.

Answer 92

**-is**

Question 93

How do you find the stem of a Latin noun?

Answer 93

Drop the genitive singular ending.

Question 94

The two basic parts of a sentence are \_\_\_.

Answer 94

the subject and the predicate

Question 95

Verb families are called \_\_\_.

Answer 95

conjugations