Lesson 18: Grammar Review Flashcards by Marcia Young

What is the subject case?

nominative

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The subject and verb must agree in ___.

person and number

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How many declensions are there? Name them.

five; 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th

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Soft c has the sound of ___ in English and ___ in Latin.

/s/; /ch/

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The three genders are ___.

masculine, feminine, neuter

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The declension a noun belongs to is determend by the ___ ending.

genitive singular

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What English helping verbs translate the Latin perfect tense?

have, has, did

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What is the direct object case?

accusative

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The two basic parts of a sentence are ___.

the subject and the predicate

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Give the five vowel letters and their long sounds in Latin.

a, e, i, o, u

/ah/ /ay/ /ee/ /oh/ ōō/

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Nouns that name non-living things have ___ gender.

grammatical

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The pluperfect tense describes what kind of action?

a past action completed prior to another past action

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What English helping verb translates the pluperfect tense?

had

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Give three translations for the Latin noun mensa.

table, a table, the table

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How do you find the present stem?

Drop re from the infinitive

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Three exceptions to the 1st-declension gender rule are ___.

agricola, nauta, poeta

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Give the names, from left to right, of the last three syllables of a Latin word.

antepenult; penult; ultima

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What is the in/by/with/from case?

ablative

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Give the regular endings for the principal parts of 1st conjugation verbs.

-o -are -avi -atus

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What is the of case?

genitive

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What English helping verb translates the Latin future tenses?

will

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The perfect tense is built on the ___ stem.

perfect

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What English helping verbs translate the imperfect tense?

were, was

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Give the two grammar numbers.

singular, plural

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The future perfect tense endings are identical to ___ except for the \_\_\_.

the future tense of **sum**; 3rd person plural

The 1st person is the person \_\_\_. The 2nd person is the person \_\_\_. The 3rd person is the person \_\_\_.

speaking spoken to spoken about

The predicate tells \_\_\_

what the subject **is** or **does**

The infinitive ending for all 1st conjugation verbs is \_\_\_.

**-are**

2nd-declension **-um** nouns are always ___ in gender.

neuter

Give the three grammar persons.

first person, second person, third person

The present system is built on the \_\_\_.

present stem

Name the cases in order.

nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, ablative

The accent is on the ___ unless the ___ is marked.

penult; antepenult

Latin does not have the English articles \_\_\_.

a, an, the

Give the names for the three forms of the English present tense.

simple present, progressive present, emphatic present

What is *Sentence Pattern #1*?

Subject + Verb

1st-declension nouns are usually what gender?

feminine

Verb familes are called \_\_\_, and noun families are called \_\_\_.

conjugations; declensions

In Latin and English, hard c has the sound of

/k/

The genitive singular of a 2nd-declension noun always ends in \_\_\_.

**-i**

The future perfect tense is built on the ___ stem.

perfect

The perfect tense describes what kind of action?

a one-time action completed in the past

The future perfect tense describes what kind of action?

a future action that will be completed prior to another future action

What is the *neuter* rule?

nominative and accusative endings are the same nominative and accusative plural ending is **-a**

In Latin grammar, *perfect* means \_\_\_.

finished

The genitive singular of a 1st-declension noun always ends in \_\_\_.

-**ae**

Something that completes the action of the verb is a \_\_\_.

complement

The English infinitive is written with the particle ___ before the verb.

What is the *indirect object* case?

dative

Give the six attributes of a Latin verb.

conjugation, person, number, tense, voice, mood

In Latin grammar, *imperfect* means \_\_\_.

not finished

What is the name of the 2nd principal part?

infinitive

What English helping verbs translate the future perfect tense?

will have

In English *I praise* is the ___ present, *I am praising* is the ___ present, and *I do praise* is the ___ present.

simple; progressive; emphatic

What is the *to/for* case?

dative

To what does the *case* of a noun refer?

the job (function) of a noun in a sentence

Verb families are called \_\_\_.

conjugations

Nouns that name male or female persons or animals have ___ gender. Give three English examples.

natural; *sister, brother, father, queen, king, uncle, etc.*

Give the English forms of the *to be* verb.

am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been

The subject tells

**who** or **what** the sentence is about

What is the *possessive* case?

genitive

Verbs have ___ endings and nouns have ___ endings.

personal, tense; case

The three tenses that make up the present system are \_\_\_.

present, imperfect, future

In Latin, **gn** is pronounced like \_\_\_. Give two examples.

/ny/; **pugno** (I fight), **magnus** (large)

The natural gender rule ___ all other gender rules.

trumps

Always in Latin and usually in English, c, g, and sc are _soft_ before

**e, i, ae, oe**

How do you find the perfect stem?

Drop **-i** from the 3rd principal part.

What is the first complement in this text?

the complementary infinitive

Give two Latin words that have the long sound of the five vowels.

glória Jesu

The imperfect tense is used to describe an \_\_\_, \_\_\_, ___ or ___ \_\_\_action.

ongoing, repeated, habitual; interrupted

The pluperfect tense endings are identical to \_\_\_.

the imperfect tense of **sum**

The pluperfect tense is built on the ___ stem.

perfect

Always in Latin and usually in English, c, g, and sc are _hard_ before

**a, o, u**, consonants

How many Latin tenses are there? Name them.

six; present, imperfect, future, perfect, pluperfect, future perfect

Give the four attributes of nouns.

declension, gender, number, and case

How many conjugations are there? Name them.

four; first, second, third, fourth

What is *Sentence Pattern #2*?

Subject + Verb + Direct Object

What are principal parts? How many are there?

The forms that provide the stems needed to conjugate a verb in all its tenses. There are usually four principal parts.

Name the two subgroups of the 2nd declension, and give their gender.

1. **-us** nouns with masculine gender 2. **-um** nouns with neuter gender

The tenses that make up the present system are \_\_\_, \_\_\_, ___ and they are built on the \_\_\_.

perfect, pluperfect, future perfect; perfect stem

The stem vowel of the 1st conjugation is \_\_.

Give three translations for **amavi**.

I loved, I have loved, I did love

2nd-declension **-us** nouns are usually ___ in gender.

masculine

The imperfect tense sign is \_\_\_.

**ba**

The *to be* verb shows \_\_\_, not \_\_\_.

existence; action