LESSON 2 (part2)

Question 1

This talks about the hydrogen Ion concentration

Answer 1

pH

Question 2

This talks about the point which the concentration rate is greatest.

Answer 2

Optimum pH

Question 3

At what pH does many enzymes shows maximum activity?

Answer 3

7.0 - 8.0

Question 4

At what pH is Pepsin active?

Answer 4

1.5

Question 5

At what pH is ALP active?

Answer 5

10.5

Question 6

This binds the substrate to the active site by forming ionic bridges and orients the substrate so it is attached to the enzyme in the correct configuration.

Answer 6

Activators

Question 7

What is the common activator?

Answer 7

Magnesium

Question 8

This decreases the rate of enzyme reaction and counterpart of activators.

Answer 8

Inhibitors

Question 9

Describe the ff:
A. Competitive Inhibition
B. Non-competitive Inhibition
C. Uncompetitive Inhibition

Answer 9

A. Competes with the substrate
B. Freely attached and will not compete to the substrate.
C. The inhibitor will bind to the E-S complex

Question 10

Enumerate the type of Inhibition

Answer 10

A. Reversible INhibition
B. Irreversible Inhibition

Question 11

Describe the following:
A. Reversible INhibition
B. Irreversible Inhibition

Answer 11

a. Inhibitors are possibly removed from the system. Therefore, the enzyme is fully restored.
B. Inhibitors covalently combined with the enzyme

Question 12

What are the examples f iNhibitors?

Answer 12

1. Excess substrate
2. Product of Inhibition
3. E-S complex does not break to yield products
4. Chemical substances

Question 13

This inhibitor causes COMPETITION between substrate and molecules for a single binding site.

Answer 13

Excess substrate

Question 14

This maybe an inhibitor of the forward reaction.

Answer 14

Product of reaction

Question 15

This is the loss of enzymatic activity.

Answer 15

Enzyme denaturation

Question 16

Enumerate the reasons for Enzyme Denaturation.

Answer 16

1. Disruption of the 3-dimensional structure of the enzyme molecule.
2. May be reversed if: denaturation is not extensive OR denaturing agent is removed
3. Elevated temperature - beyond 50 - 60’C
4. Extreme in pH
5. Radiation
6. Frothing
7. Strong salt solution
8. Mechanical trauma
9. Chemicals

Question 17

MEASUREMENT OF ENZYME REACTION:
The rate of an enzyme - catalyzed reaction is ___________________ to the amount of ________________ present in the system.

Answer 17

Directly proportional; active enzyme

Question 18

What are the methods of Enzyme Assay?

Answer 18

1. Fixed Time Assays
2. Continuous-MOnitoring or KINETIC ASSAYS

Question 19

This Assay uses a serum+substrate where the reactants are combined and the reaction proceeds for a designated time and is stopped by inactivating the enzyme.

Answer 19

Fixed Time Assays

Question 20

This Assay has multiple measurements made at specific time intervals or by a continuous recording spectrophotometer.

Answer 20

Continuous-Monitoring or Kinetic Assays

Question 21

What are the Units of Measurement of enzymes?

Answer 21

IU and Katal

Question 22

This unit of measurement is proposed by the Commission on Enzymes (IUB) and is expressed in terms of U/L or mU/L

Answer 22

IU

Question 23

This unit of measurement is the unit of enzyme activity w/c converts 1 mol of substrate per second. Conforms with the System International (SI) scheme of units.

Answer 23

Katal

Question 24

Enumerate the sources of errors in enzyme Assay.

Answer 24

1. Use of plasma
2. Hemolysis
3. Turbid/Lactascent Serum
4. Heat Labile enzyme
5. Contaminants

Question 25

In performing enzyme assays this specimen is the least preferred.

Answer 25

The use of plasma

Question 26

This is the inhibitory effects of anticoagulant on enzyme activity.

Answer 26

Use of Plasma

Question 27

This happens upon the release of intercellular enzyme.

Answer 27

Hemolysis

Question 28

This inhibits CK and Amylase

Answer 28

Turbid/ Lactascent Serum

Question 29

What are the factors that influence the rate of entry?

Answer 29

A. Leakage of enzymes from cells B. Altered enzyme production

Question 30

This type of factor that influences the rate of entry talks about the impaired energy production: promote deterioration of cell membrane and directly attacks on the cell membranes.

Answer 30

Leakage or Enzymes from Cells

Question 31

What causes the decrease of altered enzyme production?

Answer 31

genetic deficiency of enzyme production and; the enzyme production is depressed as a result of diseases.

Question 32

GIve example of Altered enzyme production.

Answer 32

Mucopolysaccharidoses

Question 33

This is the accumulation of sugar complexes.

Answer 33

Mucopolysaccharidoses

Question 34

What is the cause of the increase of Altered Enzyme Production?

Answer 34

Increase in the # and activity of cells Enzyme Induction Proliferation of enzyme-producing cells

Question 35

This is the effect of drugs and other substances

Answer 35

Enzyme Induction