Lifespan Development - Emotional Development

Question 1

What are the primary and secondary emotions? What ages do they correspond with?

Answer 1

Primary: contentment, interest, distress (birth)

Secondary:

• Envy, embarassment, empathy (1.5-2 yrs)
• Pride, shame, guilt (2.5-3 yrs)

Infants understand facial expressions, and have preferences for them, at 7 mo. At 1 yr, infants understand the affective meaning of expressions.

Question 2

How do negative and positive emotions change across lifespan?

Answer 2

• Neg: decrease 20+
• Pos: stable or +
• 60+: depends on health

Question 3

How do forms of aggression develop by childhood age?

Answer 3

• Physical peaks at age 2 and dominates until age 4
• Verbal and relational overtake age 4+

Question 4

How does the social information processing model explain aggression?

Answer 4

Aggression is due hostile attribution and reward expectation

Treated by cognitive processing therapy.

Question 5

Describe the stages of play and friendships, alongside their associated age ranges.

Answer 5

• Momentary (3-6 yrs): friends are current playmates and neighbours
• One-way assistance (5-9 yrs)
• Two-way assistance (7-12 yrs)
• Intimate (8-15 yrs): secrets and sharing
• Mature (12+): emotional closeness
• Socioemotional selectivity theory (adults): friendships are motivated by perceived life left (knowledge vs closeness)

Question 6

What is the three-component model of successful aging?

Answer 6

• Reduce risk for disease
• High functionality
• Connection and activity

Question 7

What is the selective optimization with compensation model of successful aging?

Answer 7

Selection, optimization, and compensation minimize losses and maximize gains