Lifespan Development - Moral Development

Question 1

What is induction parenting?

Answer 1

Parents explain why behaviour is wrong and emphasize the impacts upon others

Although this method is effective, children gain more information about morals through their peers, since they can talk to their peers about it.

Question 2

At what age do children understand sharing?

Answer 2

8 yrs

1-7 yrs: children understand sharing, yet allocate more to themselves.

Question 3

What are Piaget’s three stages of moral development, and their associated ages?

Answer 3

• Premoral (< 5 yrs)
• Heteronomous (5-10 yrs): rules are defined by authorities and violations are punished. Outcomes > intentions.
• Autonomous (10+): rules are determined by mutual agreement and punishments fit the violation. Outcomes < intentions.

Question 4

What are Kohlberg’s three levels and stages of moral development?

Answer 4

Preconventional: punishment/obedience and instrumental hedonism

• Acceptability depends on whether punishable
• Needs satisfaction

Conventional: “good boy/girl” and law/order

• Pleases others
• Violation of laws or social rules

Postconventional: morality of contract/rights/laws and morality of individual principles

• Consistent with democracy
• Consistent with universal ethics

Criticisms: doesn’t consider context; androcentric; Westernized; real-life choices differ from the hypothetical.

Question 5

Describe the four statuses of Marcia’s identity development model.

Answer 5

• Diffusion: no crisis/exploration or commitment
• Foreclosure: no crisis/exploration but commitment
• Moratorium: crisis/exploration but no commitment
• Achievement: crisis/exploration and commitment