LIPIDS Flashcards
1
Q
- collective term for fixed oil, fast and waxes
- heterogenous group of compounds
- insoluble in water
- soluble in nonpolar solvents
- greasy to touch
- lighter than water
- colorless w/ bland odor & tase
A
LIPIDS
2
Q
Lipids’ yellow color is due to
A
CAROTENE
(provitamin A)
3
Q
ester of fatty acid & LMW monohydric alcohol
A
SIMPLE LIPID
4
Q
ester of fatty acid & HMW polyhydric alcohol
A
fats/fixed oil
5
Q
- esters of three molecules of faaty acids + one molecule of glycerol
- found in adipose tissue, butterfat, lard, suet, fish oils, oilive oil, corn oil
A
triglycerides
6
Q
- ester of fatty acid & HMW monohydric alcohol
- beeswax, spermaceti, carnauba oil, lanolin
A
WAXES
7
Q
FORMULA
saturated
A
CnH2nO2
8
Q
FORMULA
UNSATURATED
A
CnH2n-(2x#db)O2
9
Q
HYDROXYL ACID
C₁₇H₃₂(OH)COOH
source: Castor (tangan-tangan)
A
RICINOLEIC ACID
10
Q
HYDROXYL ACID
C₂₃H₄₆(OH)COOH
source: Phrenosin
A
CEREBRONIC ACID
11
Q
HYDROXYL ACID
SOURCE:
ricinoleic acid
A
castor
12
Q
HYDROXYL ACID
SOURCE:
cerebronic acid
A
Phrenosin
13
Q
HYDROXYL ACID
C₁₇H₃₃(OH)COOH
source: Castor
A
DIHYDROXYSTEARIC ACID
14
Q
HYDROXYL ACID
SOURCE:
dihydroxystearic acid
A
castor
15
Q
CYCLIC ACID
C₁₅H₂₇COOH
A
HYNOCARPIC ACID
16
Q
CYCLIC ACID
C₁₇H₃₁COOH
A
CHAULMOOGRIC ACID
17
Q
metallic salts of fatty acid
A
SOAP
18
Q
SOAP
SOFT SOAP
A
KOH
19
Q
SOAP
HARD SOAP
A
NaOH
20
Q
an example of polyhydric alcohol
A
GLYCEROL
21
Q
GLYCEROL
glycerol + 3 stearic
A
TRISTEARIN
22
Q
GLYCEROL
glycerol + oleic acid / plamitic acid / stearic acid
A
OLEOPALMITOSTEARIN
23
Q
FATS/FIXED OILS
CH2–OCO–R1
CH2–OCO–R2
CH2–OCO–R3
A
TRIACYLGLYCEROL
24
Q
FATS/FIXED OILS
if RA, R2, R3 are same fatty acid
A
SIMPLE TRIACYLGLYCEROL
25
# **FATS/FIXED OILS**
if R1, R2, R3 are **different** fatty acid
MIXED TRIACYLGLYCEROL
26
# **FATS/FIXED OILS**
* <**100**
* more of **oleic**
* coconut oil, peanut oil, olive oil
nondrying oils
27
# **FATS/FIXED OILS**
* **100 - 200**
* more of **oleic** & **linoleic**
* corn, cotton seed, wheat, sesame, brazil, soyben
semi drying oil
28
# **FATS/FIXED OILS**
* **>120**
* more **linoleic** and **linolenic**
* linseed, sunflower, poppyseed
drying oil
29
ratio of **density** to standard (water)
specific gravity
30
instrument used in SPGR
pycnometer
31
* measure of **bending light ray**
* ratio of velocity of light in a vacuum and in a substance
refractive index
32
* part of family of **biologically active lipids** edrived from the **20-carbon essential fatty acids** or **eicosanoids**
* relates to the **porducts** of the **cylooxygenase pathway**
PROSTANOIDS
33
# **PROSTANOIDS**
the central structural element
PROSTANOIC ACID
34
* act as **local hormones**
* **synthesized** from **eicosanoic polyunsaturated fatty acids** (arachidonic acid) to form cyclopentane ring
* **PG1, PG2, PG3** -- numbers are based on the double bonds in the side chain
* letter component identifies the functional groups of the cyclopentane ring
PROSTAGLANDINS
35
* stimulates **contraction** of the **gravid uterus** similar to the contractions of the full term uterus at labor
* used in **terminating second trimester pregnancy**
* side fx: **vomiting**, **diarrhea**, **elevation of BP**
CARBOPROST
PGF2a
36
* **uterine stimulant** approved for **termination** of **12th week to the 2nd trimester pregnancy**
* side fx: **vomiting**, **pyrexia**, **diarrhea**, **nausea**, **HA**, **chills**
* adverse fx: **lack of vasoconstriction** that results to **hypertension**
Dinoprostone
PGE2
37
* produces **vasodilation**; **inhibits platelet aggregation** and **stimulates intestinal** and **uterine smooth muscle**
* **palliative therapy** to **maintain** temporarily **neonates** with **patent ductus arteriosus** and **congenital heart defects** that restrict the pulmonary or systemic flow
Alprostadil
PGE1
38
* **inhibits gastric secretion**; also produces **uterine contractions** that may endanger pregnancy by **causing abortion**
* used orally in patients that are at **high risk** for developing **ulcers** during **NSAID activity**
Misoprostol
39
vitamin **F**
linoleic acid
40
measure of a liquid's **resistance to flow**
viscosity
41
temperature where **solid & liquid states** of a substance are in **equilibrium**
melting/solidification point
42
measure of the amount of **carboxylic acid**
acid numebr
43
mg of KOH required to **saponify** fatty acids
saponification number
44
mg of KOH required to **hydrolyze** the **esters**
ester number
45
grams of **iodine** that reacts with **100g sample**
46
measure of **wine's gaseous acids** that contributes to **smell** and **taste** of **vinegar** in **wine**
volatile acidity
47
**fraction of oil** and **fat** that is **not saponified** with caustic alkali but **soluble in nonpolar**
unsafonifiable matter
48
mg of KOH required to **neutralize** the **acetic acid liberated by hydrolysis** of 1g of **acetylated oil or fat**
acetyl value
49
mg of KOH required to **neutralize** the **acetic acid taken up on acetylation** of 1g of substance that contains a **free hydroxyl group**
hydroxyl value
50
measures the components **produced** by the **early stages** of **oxidation**
peroxide value
51
measures the **aldehyde** and **ketonic breakdown products** of **peroxides**
anisidine value
52
**hydrolysis** of **fats** and **fixed oil**
rancidity
