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TANNINS Flashcards

1
Q

TANNINS are secondary metabolites that belong to the ____ group

A

PHENOL

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2
Q

UNIQUE characteristics/properties of TANNINS

A

they are POLYPHENOLIC

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3
Q

TANNINS

STRUCTURE

A

NON-nitrogenous

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4
Q

TANNINS

MW

A

HIGH in molecular weight

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5
Q
  • SECONDARY metabolites of plants
  • HETEROgenous
  • NON-nitrogenous
  • HMW POLYPHENOLIC in nature
A

TANNINS

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6
Q

TANNINS

Complex substance usually occurs as mixtures of polyphenols that arer ____ because they DO NOT CRYSTALLIZE

A

difficult to separate

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7
Q

TANNINS

____ used tannin to denote substances in plant extracts which were able to combine with protein of animal hides, prevent their putrefaction and convert them into leather

A

SEGUIN

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8
Q

TANNINS

disocvery of TANNIN

A

1796

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9
Q

TANNINS

QUALItatively

A

Tanning test
Goldbeater’s skin test

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10
Q

TANNINS

TANNING TEST is also known as

A

Goldbeater skin test

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11
Q

TANNINS

QUANTItatively

A

adsorption on standard hide powder

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12
Q

TANNINS

FIRST plant used in sourcing tannin

A

OAK TREE

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13
Q

TANNINS

TRUE OR FALSE:
Ferric chloride test is a test specific for tannins

A

FALSE
only GOLDBEATER’S SKIN TEST

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14
Q

TANNINS

can be classified into ____, ____, ____, ____, ____

A

TRUE & PSEUDOtannins
HYDROLYZABLE & NONHYDROLYZABLE
COMPLEX

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15
Q

TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION

  • MW ranging from 1000 - 5000
  • SOLVENT FOR EXTRACTION: water-acetone or water-alcohol mixture
  • SEPARATION: chromatography
A

TRUE TANNINS

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16
Q

TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION

TRUE TANNINS:
MW

A

1000 - 5000

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17
Q

TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION

TRUE TANNINS:
SOLVENT for extraction

A

water-acetone
water-alcohol

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18
Q

TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION

TRUE TANNINS:
separation

A

chromatography

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19
Q

TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION

will yield a positive result in FERRIC CHLORIDE but it will NOT be converted into leather

A

PSEUDOtannins

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20
Q

TANNINS | PROPERTIES

crystallization

A

NON-CRYSTALLIZABLE

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21
Q

TANNINS | PROPERTIES

TANNIN + WATER

A

sharp puckering taste

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22
Q

TANNINS | PROPERTIES

upon POLYMERIZATION, it will produce an INSOLUBLE RED-COLORED product called as

A

PHLOBAPHENES

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22
Q

TANNINS | PROPERTIES

they form ____ or ____ with FeCl₃

A

dark blue / greenish black soluble compounds

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22
Q

TANNINS | PROPERTIES

present in GREATEST quantity in ____ or ____

A

dead or dying cells

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23
# **TANNINS | PROPERTIES** contribute a ____ in **BARKS** and **HEARTWOODS**
protective function
23
# **TANNINS | PROPERTIES** they cause **PRECIPITATION** of **gelatin** and **alkaloids** thus making it as ____ and ____
astringent & protein precipitant/inhibitor
23
# **TANNINS | PROPERTIES** they are **PRECIPITATED** by salts of ____, ____, ____ and ____ solution
Cu, Pb, Sn and strong aqueous potassium dichromate (or 1% chromic acid)
23
# **TANNINS | PROPERTIES** they form ____ with **POTASSIUM FERRICYANIDE** and **AMMONIA**
deep red
24
# **TANNINS | PROPERTIES** they form **DEEP RED** with ____ and ____
potassium ferricyanide and ammonia
24
# **TANNINS | PROPERTIES** they form **DARK BLUE** or **GREENISH BLACK SOLUBLE compounds** with ____
FeCl3
25
# **TANNINS | TYPES BASE ON USE** * used in **LEATHER** industry * obtained from **quebracho**, **wattle**, **chestnut** and **myrobalsams**
COMMERCIAL TANNINS
26
# **TANNINS | TYPES BASE ON USE** * prepared from **OAK GALLS** and yield **glucose** and **gallic acid** upon **hydrolysis**
PHARMACEUTICAL TANNINS
27
# **TANNINS | TYPES BASE ON USE** PHARMACEUTICAL TANNINS: **OAK GALLS** and yield ____ and ____ upon **hydrolysis**
GLUCOSE & GALLIC ACID
28
# **TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION** prone to **HYDROLYSIS**
hydrolyzable
29
# **TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION** HYDROLYZABLE: are ____ in nature
GLYCOSIDIC
30
# **TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION | HYDROLYZABLE** the galloyl units are bound to diverse **polyol-**, **catechin-**, or **triterpenoid** units
GALLOTANNINS
31
# **TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION | HYDROLYZABLE** the gaalloyl units (**at least 2**) are **C-C coupled** to each other, and **DO NOT** contain a **glycosidically linked catechin** units
ELLAGITANNINS
32
# **TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION** * **GLYCOSIDIC** in nature * bounded to **gallotannin** or **ellagitannin**
COMPLEX TANNINS
33
# **TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION** * **OLIGOMERIC** or **POLYMERIC** pronathocyanidins formed by linkage of **C-4** of **one** catechin with **C-8** or **C-6** of the next **monomeric catechin**
CONDENSED TANNINS
34
# **TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION** * these esters are **EASILY HYDROLYZED** by **tannase** or **HCl** and **H2SO4** to yield **phenolic acid** and **sugar** * **BLUE BLACK** with **FeCl3** * **DO NOT** precipitate with **Bromine TS** * **Glycosidic in nature** * on **dry distillation** produces **gallic acid** then converted to **pyrogallol**
HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS PYROGALLOL TANNINS
35
# **TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION** HYDROLYZABLE: on **DRY DISTILLATION** produces ____
gallic acid
35
# **TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION** HYDROLYZABLE: **DO NOT** precipitate with
BROMINE TS
36
# **TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION** **HYDROLYZABLE** tannins are also called as
PYROGALLOL tannins
36
# **TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION** HYDROLYZABLE: **gallic acids**
Gallitannins
37
# **TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION** HYDROLYZABLE: **hexahydroxy-diphenic acid**; **geraniin**; **tellimagrandins 1 & 2**
ELLAGITANNINS
38
# **TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION** NONHYDROLYZABLE: **heating** with **HCl** will yield phlobaphenes like
PHLOROGLUCINOL
38
# **TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION** * **heaitng** with **HCl** yields **phlobaphenes** like **phloroGLUCINOL / DARK GREEN** color with FeCl3 * they are **NOT readily hydrolyzed** to simple molecules and the **DO NOT** contain a sugar moiety
NONHYDROLYZABLE
38
# **TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION** **NONHYDROLYZABLE** tannins are also known as
CONDENSED TANNINS PROANTHOCYANIDIN
38
# **TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION** NONHYDROLYZABLE: color of **phlobaphenes**
red orange
39
# **TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION** * can form **PHLOBAPHENES** * **precipitate** with **Bromine TS**
NONHYDRO
40
# **TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION** **DISTINGUISHING** test between HYDRO & NONHYDRO
bromine test
41
# **TANNINS | TEST** * **GENERAL TEST** for **HYDROlyzable/Condensed tannins** * **Hydrolysis** of tannins produce **phloroglucinol** that will react to **lignin** and producing **PINK** color
MATCH STICK TEST (Catechin)
42
# **TANNINS | TEST** **MATCH STICK** test ( Catechin) result
PINK color
43
# **TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION** * **FALSE** tannin * they **DO NOT** form **leather** but yield color with **iron salts** * **LMW** * **NEGATIVE** on **goldbeater's skin test** * they have **catechins** which give rise to the **peculiar odor**
PSEUDOTANNINS
44
# **TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION** PSEUDO: from **rhubarb** and plant containing **gallitannins**
GALLIC ACID
45
# **TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION** PSEUDO: from **catechu**, **acacia**. **cutch**, **tea**
CATECHINS
46
# **TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION** PSEUDO: **coffee**, **nux vomica**
CHLOROGENIC ACID
47
# **TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION** PSEUDO: **ipecacuanha**
IPECACUANHIC ACID
48
# **TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION** * **NEWLY DISCOVERED** group of tannins, biosynthesized from both **hydrolyzable** and **condensed** tannins * the **union** occurs through a **C-C bond** between the **C-1** of the **glucose** unit of the **ellagitannin** and the **C-8** or **C-6** of the **flavan 3-ol deerivative**
COMPLEX - tannins
49
# **TANNINS | IDENTIFICATION TEST** * when dipped in **HCl** & treated with **1% FESO4** solution, **after washing with water** it gives **BLUE/BLACK** color
GOLDBEATER'S SKIN TEST
50
# **TANNINS | IDENTIFICATION TEST** GOLDBEATER'S SKIN TEST: **positive result**
blue/black color
50
# **TANNINS** TOP 3 APPLICATION
astringent diarrheal antiseptic
50
# **TANNINS | IDENTIFICATION TEST** CHLOROGENIC ACID: **positive result**
green color
50
# **TANNINS** MOA
protein precipitant
51
# **TANNINS | HYDROLYZABLE** **GALLS** is obtained from ____
GALL WASPS
52
# **TANNINS | HYDROLYZABLE** GALLS (**COLLECTION**): should be collected **before** the ____ **comes out**
MATURE insect

PCOG LEC (30 decks)

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