Lipids

Question 1

What are large non-polar molecules made mostly of carbon and hydrogen?

Answer 1

Lipids

Question 2

What are the 3 types of lipids?

Answer 2

1. Triglyceride
2. Phospholipids
3. Cholesterol

Question 3

Are lipids soluble? (Do they dissolve in water)

Answer 3

No

Question 4

Are carbs soluble?

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

Is a lipid a solid, liquid, or both?

Answer 5

Both

Question 6

What type of lipid has a glycerol backbone attached to 3 fatty acids?

Answer 6

Triglyceride

Question 7

What are the 3 types of fatty acids that triglyceride attaches to?

Answer 7

1. Saturated
2. Monounsaturated
3. Polyunsaturated

Question 8

Is saturated fat mainly found in plants, animals, or both?

Answer 8

Animals

Question 9

Is monounsaturated fat mainly found in plants, animals, or both?

Answer 9

Both

Question 10

Is polyunsaturated fat mainly found in plants, animals, or both?

Answer 10

Plants

Question 11

Is saturated fat a solid or a liquid at room temperature?

Answer 11

A solid

Question 12

Is polyunsaturated fat a solid or a liquid at room temperature?

Answer 12

A liquid

Question 13

What are the 3 roles of triglyceride in the body?

Answer 13

1. Storage form of fat
2. Contains lots of energy
3. Transports fat-soluble vitamins

Question 14

What type of lipid has a glycerol backbone with 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group?

Answer 14

Phospholipids

Question 15

What type of lipid has no glycerol backbone?

Answer 15

Cholesterol

Question 16

What does the structure of cholesterol look like?

Answer 16

A multi-ring structure

Question 17

What is the smallest out of the 3 lipids?

Answer 17

Cholesterol

Question 18

What type of food is cholesterol found in?

Answer 18

Animal food

Question 19

What are the 3 roles of cholesterol in the body?

Answer 19

1. Essential component in the cell membrane
2. Vital precursor to many important molecules
3. Synthesized by the liver

Question 20

Which cells contain cholesterol?

Answer 20

Every single cell

Question 21

What is your brain made up of?

Answer 21

Fat and cholesterol

Question 22

What allowed our guts to shrink and our brains to grow?

Answer 22

A high quality diet

Question 23

True plant oils can be extracted through what process?

Answer 23

Cold pressing

Question 24

What are 3 examples of true plant oils?

Answer 24

Olive oil, coconut oil, and palm oil

Question 25

What is another name for industrial seed oil?

Answer 25

Vegetable oil

Question 26

What are 3 examples of vegetable oil?

Answer 26

Canola oil, soybean oil, and safflower oil

Question 27

What is vegetable oil high in?

Answer 27

Polyunsaturated fat (omega-6)

Question 28

What types of food contain vegetable oil?

Answer 28

Processed foods

Question 29

What percentage of ingested lipids are digested and absorbed?

Answer 29

95%

Question 30

Which hormone is released into the small intestine in response to fat being in the intestine?

Answer 30

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 31

What 2 signals does cholecystokinin provide to help with fat digestion?

Answer 31

1. Release of bile from gallbladder | 2. Pancreatic lipase excretion

Question 32

What help lipids form small droplets?

Answer 32

Bile acids

Question 33

What are transport vesicles that carry large non-polar molecules?

Answer 33

Lipoproteins

Question 34

What are the 4 types of lipoproteins?

Answer 34

1. Chylomicrons 2. VLDL 3. LDL 4. HDL

Question 35

What are chylomicrons produced by?

Answer 35

The intestine

Question 36

Why do lipids need a transport system?

Answer 36

They are insoluble

Question 37

What is the primary component of Chylomicrons?

Answer 37

Triglyceride

Question 38

What is the primary component of VLDL?

Answer 38

Triglyceride

Question 39

What is the primary component of LDL?

Answer 39

Cholesterol

Question 40

What is the primary component of HDL?

Answer 40

Protein

Question 41

Which lipoprotein carries dietary fat from the small intestine to cells?

Answer 41

Chylomicrons

Question 42

Which lipoprotein carries lipids made and taken by the liver to cells?

Answer 42

VLDL

Question 43

Which lipoprotein carries cholesterol made by the liver and other sources to cells?

Answer 43

LDL

Question 44

Which lipoprotein contributes to cholesterol removal from cells and excretion of it from the body?

Answer 44

HDL

Question 45

Are levels of lipoproteins in the blood affected by dietary cholesterol?

Answer 45

No

Question 46

What are the 2 classes of essential fatty acids?

Answer 46

Omega-3 and omega-6

Question 47

Are omega-3s and omega-6s plant forms or animal forms?

Answer 47

They are plant forms

Question 48

What broader category do omega-3s and omega-6s belong to?

Answer 48

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

Question 49

How much of omega-3s and omega-6s do you need in your diet?

Answer 49

Only 5-10% of calories

Question 50

Which omega fatty acid decreases blood clotting?

Answer 50

Omega-3

Question 51

Which omega fatty acid is anti-inflammatory?

Answer 51

Omega-3

Question 52

Which omega fatty acid increases blood clotting?

Answer 52

Omega-6

Question 53

Which omega fatty acid is pro-inflammatory?

Answer 53

Omega-6

Question 54

Why is it important to eat a 1:1 ratio of omega-3s and omega-6s?

Answer 54

It balances out the inflammatory effects

Question 55

What is the average ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 that Americans generally eat?

Answer 55

10-20:1 ratio

Question 56

What does eating more omega-6 than omega-3 do to the scale?

Answer 56

It tips the scale towards pro-inflammatory

Question 57

Which omega fatty acid is important for cognitive function and neurodevelopment?

Answer 57

Omega-3

Question 58

1. What is the AHA recommendation for the percentage of kcal from saturated fat intake? 2. What is the average U.S intake of total kcal from fat intake?

Answer 58

1. 7-10% | 2. 13%

Question 59

1. What is the AHA recommendation for the percentage of total kcal that should come from fat intake? 2. What is the average U.S intake of kcal from saturated fat intake?

Answer 59

1. 20-30% | 2. 33%