Nutrients in Bone Health Part 2

Question 1

What is a water-based fluid that moves through circulatory system?

Answer 1

Blood

Question 2

What does blood transport to every cell?

Answer 2

Nutrients

Question 3

What does blood pick up for excretion out of the body?

Answer 3

Cellular waste

Question 4

What are the 3 roles of blood?

Answer 4

1. Transports nutrients to every cell in the body
2. Picks up cellular waste for excretion out of the body
3. Transports signaling molecules

Question 5

What are the 3 main cell types found in blood?

Answer 5

1. Red blood cells
2. White blood cells
3. Platelets

Question 6

What are cell particulates that aid in blood clotting?

Answer 6

Platelets

Question 7

What are white blood cells?

Answer 7

Immune cells

Question 8

What is another name for red blood cells?

Answer 8

Erythrocytes

Question 9

Where in the body are the various cells of the blood made?

Answer 9

The bone marrow

Question 10

Which type of cell serves as a precursor to blood cells?

Answer 10

Bone marrow stem cells

Question 11

Do stem cells have the potential to develop into any type of cell?

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

What is the primary function of red blood cells?

Answer 12

Carrying oxygen from the lungs to the tissues

Question 13

What is the secondary function of red blood cells?

Answer 13

Carrying carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs

Question 14

What is the main protein found in RBCs?

Answer 14

Hemoglobin

Question 15

Why is the hemoglobin protein important for the function of the RBC?

Answer 15

It’s responsible for carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 16

What 2 main processes that must happen in order to make new RBCs?

Answer 16

1. Hemoglobin must be produced

2. The cells need to divide rapidly

Question 17

Which vitamins and minerals are important for hemoglobin production?

Answer 17

Iron and Vitamin B6

Question 18

What is very important for rapidly dividing cells?

Answer 18

DNA synthesis

Question 19

What cycle produces nucleotides necessary for DNA synthesis?

Answer 19

Folate cycle

Question 20

Which vitamins are important in the folate cycle?

Answer 20

Vitamin B12 and Riboflavin

Question 21

Do healthy red blood cells have a normal size and normal color?

Answer 21

Yes

Question 22

What abnormally sized/colored RBCs indicate?

Answer 22

Different types of anemia

Question 23

Is it easy for us to get rid of excess iron?

Answer 23

No

Question 24

What is the role of copper in iron transport in the body?

Answer 24

It’s a cofactor in 3 different enzymes

Question 25

What types of food is heme iron found in?

Answer 25

Animal food

Question 26

What percentage of non-heme iron is absorbed?

Answer 26

3-10%

Question 27

What percentage of heme iron is absorbed?

Answer 27

20-40%

Question 28

Why is it hard to get rid of excess iron?

Answer 28

It's not excreted through urination

Question 29

What is a genetic disease that increases iron absorption?

Answer 29

Hemochromatosis

Question 30

What is the inadequate number or function of red blood cells in the body?

Answer 30

Anemia

Question 31

What are the 2 different types of anemia?

Answer 31

1. Macrocytic | 2. Microcytic

Question 32

What is the most common cause of anemia?

Answer 32

Iron deficiency

Question 33

What are 6 of the symptoms of anemia?

Answer 33

1. Fatigue 2. Rapid heart rate 3. Shortness of breath 4. Difficulty concentrating 5. Pale skin 6. Cold extremities

Question 34

What do we have when our blood has a reduced ability to carry oxygen?

Answer 34

Anemia

Question 35

When you look under a microscope which type of anemia has large red blood cells?

Answer 35

Macrocytic

Question 36

When you look under a microscope which type of anemia has pale, small red blood cells?

Answer 36

Microcytic

Question 37

Which vitamin/mineral deficiencies is Macrocytic a sign of?

Answer 37

Folate or vitamin B12 deficiency

Question 38

Which vitamin/mineral deficiencies is Microcytic a sign of?

Answer 38

Iron or vitamin B6 deficiency

Question 39

What is the release of blood from a broken blood vessel?

Answer 39

Hemorrhage

Question 40

What is the process of stopping blood loss?

Answer 40

Hemostasis

Question 41

What are the three steps of hemostasis?

Answer 41

1. Vasoconstriction 2. Platelet plug 3. Coagulation (blood clotting)

Question 42

What happens in the Vasoconstriction step of Hemostasis?

Answer 42

Blood vessels narrow

Question 43

What happens in the Platelet plug step of Hemostasis?

Answer 43

Platelets stick to damaged tissue and each other, which creates a temporary seal that stops bleeding

Question 44

Which vitamin is crucial for blood clotting?

Answer 44

Vitamin K

Question 45

Why are infants susceptible to deficiency of vitamin K?

Answer 45

Infant’s gut don’t have bacteria at birth, so they can’t synthesize vitamin K

Question 46

What can cause some adults to be deficient in vitamin K?

Answer 46

Using antibiotics long term

Question 47

What are 7 food sources of Vitamin B6?

Answer 47

Meat, fish, poultry, banana, navy beans, walnuts and potatoes

Question 48

What are 6 food sources of Vitamin B12?

Answer 48

Liver, oysters, crab, salmon, beef and eggs

Question 49

What are 4 food sources of Vitamin K?

Answer 49

Leafy greens, certain fermented foods, duck fat and egg yolks

Question 50

What are 6 food sources of Riboflavin?

Answer 50

Beef liver, dairy products, beef, eggs, spinach and mushrooms

Question 51

What are 6 food sources of Iron?

Answer 51

Meats, seafood, broccoli, peas, bran and enriched breads

Question 52

What are 4 food sources of Folate?

Answer 52

Green leafy veggies, organ meats, sprouts, mushrooms

Question 53

Is Vitamin B12 found in plant foods?

Answer 53

No

Question 54

What 3 things are the 3 different enzymes that copper is a cofactor of responsible for?

Answer 54

1. Transport of iron out of intestinal cells 2. Transport through the blood 3. Transport to bone marrow for RBC production

Question 55

What is another name for Macrocytic?

Answer 55

Megaloblastic

Question 56

What is another name for Microcytic?

Answer 56

Hypochromic