Lipids II

Question 1

synthesized : ovaries and the placenta

Answer 1

PROGESTINS

Question 2

Prepare the lining of the uterus for implantation of the fertilized ovum. They also suppress ovulation.

Answer 2

PROGESTINS

Question 3

properly regulate the menstrual cycle and treat unusual stopping of the menstrual periods (amenorrhea)

Answer 3

PROGESTINS

Question 4

To help a pregnancy occur

Answer 4

PROGESTINS

Question 5

To prevent estrogen from thickening the lining of the uterus (endometrial hyperplasia) in women with HRT

Answer 5

PROGESTINS

Question 6

To treat pain that is related to endometriosis and to treat loss of appetite and severe weight or muscle loss in patients with AIDS or cancer

Answer 6

PROGESTINS

Question 7

used to suppress ovulation as a method of birth control

Answer 7

ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE PILLS

Question 8

include the illegal steroid drugs used by some athletes to build up muscle strength and enhance endurance

Answer 8

ANABOLIC STEROIDS or ANABOLIC-ANDROGENIC STEROIDS

Question 9

is the familiar name for synthetic substances related to the male sex hormones (e.g., testosterone). They promote the growth of skeletal muscle (anabolic effects) and the development of male sexual characteristics (androgenic effects) in both males and females.

Answer 9

ANABOLIC STEROIDS or ANABOLIC-ANDROGENIC STEROIDS

Question 10

abnormal development of mammary glands in men causing breast enlargement)

Answer 10

Gynecomastia

Question 11

absence of sperm in semen

Answer 11

Azoospermia

Question 12

2 types of Adrenocorticoid Hormones

Answer 12

1. Mineralocorticoids
2. Glucocorticoids

Question 13

ADRENOCORTICOID HORMONE:

control the balance of Na+ and K+ ions in cells and body fluids.

Answer 13

Mineralocorticoids

Question 14

ADRENOCORTICOID HORMONE:

control glucose metabolism and counteract inflammation.

Answer 14

Glucocorticoids

Question 15

A natural hormone, which is a mineralocorticoid.

Answer 15

Aldosterone

Question 16

A natural hormone, which is a glucocorticoid.

Answer 16

Cortisol

Question 17

A synthetic steroid, which is an anti-inflammatory drug

Answer 17

Cortisone and Prednisolone

Question 18

corticosteroid hormone, which is synthesized by the adrenal cortex.

Answer 18

Mineralocorticoids

Question 19

the main mineralocorticoid, is necessary for regulation of salt and water in the body

Answer 19

ALDOSTERONE

Question 20

acts on the kidneys to provide active reabsorption of sodium and an associated passive reabsorption of water, as well as, the active secretion of potassium in the principle cells of the cortical collecting tubule. This in turn results in an increase of blood pressure and blood volume.

Answer 20

ALDOSTERONE

Question 21

is a steroid hormone, in the glucocorticoid class of hormones, and is produced in humans by the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex within the adrenal gland.

Answer 21

Cortisol

Question 22

It is released in response to stress and low blood-glucose concentration

Answer 22

Cortisol

Question 23

It functions to increase blood sugar through gluconeogenesis, to suppress the immune system, and to aid in the metabolism of fat, protein, and carbohydrates. It also decreases bone formation.

Answer 23

Cortisol

Question 24

is an oxygenated C20 fatty acid derivative that functions as a messenger lipid

Answer 24

Eicosanoids

Question 25

metabolic precursor for most eicosanoids is ______ acid, the 20:4 fatty acid.

Answer 25

arachidonic

Question 26

are "hormonelike" molecules rather than true hormones because they are not transported in the bloodstream to their site of action as true hormones are.

Answer 26

EICOSANOIDS

Question 27

MAJOR TYPES OF EICOSANOIDS: including raising body temperature, inhibiting the secretion of gastric juices, increasing the secretion of a protective mucus layer into the stomach, relaxing and contracting smooth muscle, directing water and electrolyte balance, Intensifying pain, and enhancing inflammation responses.

Answer 27

Prostaglandins

Question 28

MAJOR TYPES OF EICOSANOIDS: is a messenger lipid that is a C20-fatty-acid derivative that contains a cyclic ether ring and oxygen-containing functional groups.

Answer 28

Thromboxanes

Question 29

MAJOR TYPES OF EICOSANOIDS: are produced by blood platelets and promote platelet aggregation

Answer 29

Thromboxanes

Question 30

MAJOR TYPES OF EICOSANOIDS: FUNCTIONS * to promote the formation of blood clots.

Answer 30

Thromboxanes

Question 31

MAJOR TYPES OF EICOSANOIDS: is a messenger lipid that is a C20-fatty-acid derivative that contains three conjugated double bonds and hydroxy groups.

Answer 31

Leukotrienes

Question 32

MAJOR TYPES OF EICOSANOIDS: found in leukocytes (white blood cells).

Answer 32

Leukotrienes

Question 33

MAJOR TYPES OF EICOSANOIDS: FUNCTIONS * Various inflammatory and hypersensitivity (allergy) responses

Answer 33

Leukotrienes

Question 34

is a lipid that is a monoester of a long-chain fatty acid and a long chain alcohol

Answer 34

biological wax

Question 35

are monoesters, unlike fats and oils which are triesters.

Answer 35

biological wax

Question 36

fatty acids found in biological waxes generally are saturated and contain from ______ carbon atoms

Answer 36

14 to 36

Question 37

Functions: ▪ water-repellent ▪ to protect hair and skin and to keep it pliable and lubricated ▪ for plant leaves, to prevent excessive evaporation of water and to protect against parasite attack

Answer 37

biological wax