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MMI 133 > Lower Alimentary Tract Infections > Flashcards

Lower Alimentary Tract Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What type of transmission causes most GI infections?

A

Fecal-oral

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2
Q

How to prevent the chain of transmission?

A

proper disposal and treatment of sewage
disinfection of drinking water
proper food preparation and handling

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3
Q

what is the most dominant flora in the intestine?

A

Gram-negatives, both anaerobes, and aerobes

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4
Q

two types of diseases of the GI tract?

A

infection and intoxication

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5
Q

what are the differences/similarities between infection and intoxication?

A

infection: pathogen multiplies in mucosa/ passes through to other systemic organs; characterized by fever, the release of endotoxin (LPS)
intoxication: ingestion of toxin; sudden onset/no fever or systemic symptoms

BOTH: diarrhea, major cause of infant mortality (Dehydration)

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6
Q

what are the main pathogenic mechanisms of LAT pathogens?

A

attachment, cell invasion, loss of microvilli, exotoxin production

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7
Q

what are two actions of exotoxin on the gut?

A
  1. increase the secretion of water and electrolytes

2. inhibit protein synthesis and cause cell death

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8
Q

GI pathogens and gram-negative have both ___ and ___.

A

endotoxin; exotoxin

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9
Q

Differences between Dysentery and Gastroenteritis

A

Dysentery often has pus, whereas gastroenteritis does not.

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10
Q

How do you call the exotoxins produced by S. aureus?

A

enterotoxin

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of enterotoxin?

A

heat stable and resistant to enzymatic destruction

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12
Q

What does enterotoxin do?

A

trigger vomiting reflex

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13
Q

What two main symptoms do Bacillus cereus cause?

A

Diarrhea and vomiting

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14
Q

Bacillus cereus causes infection or intoxication?

A

BOTH!

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15
Q

What are the two types of Salmonella infection?

A

Gastroenteritis and Typhoid fever (aka. enteric fever)

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16
Q

What are the differences between Salmonella Gastroenteritis and Typhoid fever in terms of the transmission method and treatment?

A

Salmonella Gastroenteritis: zoonotic; not usually treated with antibiotics
Typhoid fever: human to human; always antibiotics

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17
Q

Is Shigellosis an infection, or intoxication?

A

infection

18
Q

What’s the transmission method for Shigellosis?

A

person to person, no animal reservoir

19
Q

What is the main virulence factor for Shigellosis

A

Shiga toxin

20
Q

What is the leading cause of foodborne bacterial illness in Canada?

A

Campylobacter Gastroenteritis

21
Q

What is EHEC?

A

causes “Hamburger Disease”

Pathogenic strains that have special fimbriae for attachment to intestinal cells and produce toxins

22
Q

What is the best-known serotype for EHEC?

A

0157:H7

23
Q

What complication does EHEC usually cause?

A

HUS (hemolytic uremic syndrome)

24
Q

Is there a vaccine for EHEC?

A

NO

25
Q

What is pigbel?

A

gangrene of intestines

// 
Gangrene refers to the death of body tissue due to either a lack of blood flow or a serious bacterial infection
26
Q

Clostridium Gastroenteritis can be serious for what kind of people?

A

Who lack trypsin or eat a diet rich in trypsin inhibitors –> result in Pigbel

27
Q

What’s the name of the bacteria that cause a GI global pandemic?

A

Vibrio cholerae

28
Q

What is the treatment for Vibrio cholerae?

A

rehydration glucose + electrolytes

29
Q

Viral gastroenteritis are mainly caused by _______ or ______.

A

rotavirus or norovirus

30
Q

Describe the incidence of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis

A

the same incidence in developed and underdeveloped nations.

31
Q

Rotavirus is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in which population?

A

children

32
Q

Norovirus is also known as ______ virus.

A

cruise ship virus

33
Q

What are the early symptoms of Norovirus

A

no prodrome.

34
Q

What are the two parasitic diseases of the GI?

A

protozoan diseases

Helminthic diseases

35
Q

What is the difference between protozoan diseases

and helminthic diseases?

A

protozoan diseases cause diarrhea

Helminthic diseases cause no diarrhea

36
Q

What type of hepatitis virus causes most cases of acute hepatitis?

A

Hepatitis A

37
Q

What type of hepatitis virus is the major transmission sexual?

A

Hepatitis B

38
Q

What type of hepatitis virus is transmitted bloodborne and is a major cause of liver cirrhosis

A

Hepatitis C

39
Q

What type of hepatitis virus is an Incomplete virus, hangs around with HBV?

A

Hepatitis D

40
Q

What type of hepatitis virus is dangerous for pregnant women in underdeveloped countries?

A

Hepatitis E

MMI 133 (26 decks)

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