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MMI 133 > Upper Alimentary Tract Infections (UATIs) > Flashcards

Upper Alimentary Tract Infections (UATIs) Flashcards

1
Q

The normal flora of the mouth are ___ & _________ dependent.

A

age & dentation.

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2
Q

If the typical 1-1.5L flow of saliva secreted decreased, what would occur?

A

Increase in microbial population 4x

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3
Q

What 3 things does saliva contain?

A

Enzymes, antibodies + leukocytes

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4
Q

What causes mumps?

A

Paramyxoviridiae (enveloped RNA)

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5
Q

How is mumps transmitted?

A

Droplet

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6
Q

When is mumps most infectious?

A

During incubation period

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7
Q

What are 4 complications of mumps?

A

Orchitis, encephalitis, pancreatitis, oophoritis

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8
Q

What are some symptoms of mumps?

A

Inflammation + swelling of parotid glands, fever, pain on swallowing

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9
Q

How do you treat mumps?

A

Attenuated vaccine

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10
Q

How does paramyxoviridiae virus move through body?

A

Multiplies in lymph glands then moves to parotid gland via blood

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11
Q

What causes peptic ulcer disease?

A

Helicobacter pylori

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12
Q

How are dental caries formed?

A

Carbohydrates are converted locally under plaque into lactic acid, which attacks tooth enamel.

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13
Q

What allows helicobacter pylori to move in the stomach acid?

A

Flagella

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14
Q

What is the virulence factor helicobacter pylori?

A

Urease production

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15
Q

What does urease do?

A

Breaks down urea to form ammonia which neutralizes stomach acid, which causes body to increase secretion of gastrin (HCl)

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16
Q

What is a complication of peptic ulcer disease?

A

Gastric cancer

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17
Q

How is peptic ulcer disease treated?

A

Acid antagonist + at least 2 different antibiotics

18
Q

Abscesses can progress to:

A

cellulitis.

19
Q

What is the main component of the normal flora of the mouth?

A

Streptococcus sp. (mostly alpha).

20
Q

What is the treatment of Vincent’s angina?

A

Antibiotics against anaerobes, surgical removal of necrotic tissue

21
Q

When dehydrated, what is the cause of “bad breath”?

A

Waste products of anaerobic oral bacteria (cadaverine, hydrogen sulfide).

22
Q

Candida albicans is a common cause of mouth & throat infection in:

A

neonates & immunosuppressed individuals.

23
Q

What is thrush in the mouth?

A

Growth of mycelium of pseudophyphae from Candida albicans on the tongue.

24
Q

What is gingivitis?

A

Reversible, mild inflammation of the gums, usually due to bacterial infection.

25
Q

What is peridontal disease?

A

Inflammation & degeneration of supporting teeth structures.

26
Q

Peridontal disease can be accompanied by:

A

dental caries and gingivitis.

27
Q

What are the early and late colonizers of dental plaque?

A

Early: streptococci.
Late: anaerobic, G- bacteria.

28
Q

How is dental plaque formed?

A
  1. Encapsulated streptococci congregate & form a community of bacteria/polysaccharide matrix.
  2. As plaque “matures”, anaerobes start entering.
  3. The more plaque accumulates, the worse breath will get.
29
Q

What causes trench mouth/ANUG/Vincent’s angina?

A

Anaerobic G- bacilli & spirochaetes

30
Q

What are symptoms of Vincent’s angina?

A

Severe ulcerative disease + pain, bad breath

31
Q

What is the treatment of Vincent’s angina?

A

Antibiotics against anaerobes, surgical removal of necrotic tissue

32
Q

What is the most important bacterium for dental caries?

A

Streptococcus mutans.

33
Q

What are 2 local immune defences against caries?

A

Saliva: contains lysozyme & lactoperoxidase.

Crevicular fluid in gingival crevice: contains complement, anitbodies & neutrophils.

34
Q

If caries are allowed to develop, bacteria can penetrate through to the pulp & come into contact with nerves/blood vessels, causing:

A

abcess & pain.

35
Q

What is an abscess?

A

Often pointy area of local, well-defined swelling.

36
Q

What do abscesses contain (2)?

A

Bacteria (polymicrobial, predominantly anerobic).

Pus & necrotic tissue debris.

37
Q

Abscesses can progress to:

A

cellulitis.

38
Q

What causes actinomycosis?

A

Actinomyces israelii

39
Q

What is the morphology of actinomyces israelii?

A

G+ filamentous anaerobic rod

40
Q

What are the results of actinomycosis?

A

Abscess formation, healing + scarring leads to deformation of tissue

41
Q

Actinomycosis has a tendency to ____ infection

A

Chronic

42
Q

Peridontal disease is often caused by:

A 
Streptococcus mutans (caries).
Many bacteria (gingivitis).

MMI 133 (26 decks)

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