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MMI 133 > Wound & Device Infections > Flashcards

Wound & Device Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What are 2 common causes of device related infections?

A
  • Normal skin flora (ie. Staphylococcus epidermidis)

- Transient skin flora (ie. Staphylococcus aureus)

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2
Q

What 3 devices increase risk for infection?

A
  • Insertion of prostheses
  • Pacemakers
  • IV lines
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3
Q

How do you treat infections with permanent pacemakers and defibrillators?

A

Removal of device + antibiotics

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4
Q

What are 3 causes of infections of vascular grafts?

A
  • Intraoperative contamination
  • Extension from adjacent infected tissue
  • Hematogenous seeding
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5
Q

What is the most common bacterial cause of skin infections?

A

S. aureus

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6
Q

What are 4 sources of infection with a IV catheter?

A
  • Microbial contamination at insertion site
  • Hub
  • Contaminated infusate
  • Hematogenous seeding from a distant site
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7
Q

Describe dialysis

A

Removing toxic wastes from body in patients with renal failure

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8
Q

What are 2 major methods for dialysis?

A

Hemodialysis/IV & Peritoneal dialysis

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9
Q

Describe hemodialysis

A
  • At the hospital
  • Longer time commitment
  • Filters blood through a machine
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10
Q

Describe peritoneal dialysis

A
  • At home
  • Shorter time commitment
  • Connects IV to peritoneal cavity
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11
Q

What is peritonitis?

A

Inflammation of peritoneal membrane

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12
Q

What is an infectious risk associated with hemodialysis?

A

Contamination of equipment with Hep B, C & HIV (blood borne pathogens)

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13
Q

What is an infectious risk associated with peritoneal dialysis?

A

Contamination of abdominal cavity with bacteria from skin

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14
Q

What are early symptoms of peritonitis?

A

Severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever

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15
Q

What is a complication of peritonitis?

A

Intra-peritoneal abscess

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16
Q

What is an abscess?

A

A localized lesion accumulated with pus as a result of an external or internal infection

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17
Q

Internal abscesses are often ____

A

polymicrobial

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18
Q

Skin abscesses are often caused by:

A

S. aureus

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19
Q

What is osteomyelitis?

A

Infection/abscess of the bone

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20
Q

What is the most common cause of osteomyelitis from the blood?

A

S. aureus

21
Q

What is the most common cause of osteomyelitis from a nearby site?

A

Polymicrobial

22
Q

Osteomyelitis is difficult to treat, why?

A

Difficult to get antibiotics to bone, longer treatment periods

23
Q

Acute osteomyelitis often occurs in ____ bones and result in ____ lesions that are very painful

A

long, bone

24
Q

Chronic osteomyelitis often occurs in ____ bone fragments and can result in _____ to stop the spread

A

necrotic, amputation

25
Q

What is the normal flora of the upper body primarily composed of?

A

Staphylococcus sp.

26
Q

What is the normal flora of the lower body and abdomen primarily composed of?

A

Fecal flora (G-s and enterococci)

27
Q

When is it common to use antibiotic therapy for “dirty” surgery?

A

Before and during operation

28
Q

What are 3 consequences of wounds?

A
  • Delayed healing
  • Formation of abscesses
  • Dissemination or spread of infection into nearby tissues or blood/lymph
29
Q

In snake bites, what causes tissue necrosis?

A

Venom

30
Q

What is the common cause of infections with snake bites?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

31
Q

Human bites and “clenched fist” injuries occur ____ often than animal bites

A

more

32
Q

What is the common cause of infections with human bite injuries?

A

Eikonella corrodens

33
Q

What is cellulitis?

A

Acute spreading infection of the subcutaneous tissues

34
Q

What can cellulitis originate from?

A

Superficial skin lesions & trauma

35
Q

A majority of cases of cellulitis are caused by what 2 organisms?

A

S. aureus and S. pyogenes

36
Q

How do you treat cellulitis?

A

Immediately with IV antibiotics

37
Q

What can anaerobic cellulitis originate from?

A

Traumatized tissue or poor blood circulation

38
Q

How do you treat anaerobic cellulitis?

A

IV antibiotics and surgical debridement

39
Q

What is gas gangrene?

A

Organisms multiplying in subcutaneous tissues and invading deeper tissues

40
Q

What is classic gangrene caused by?

A

Clostridium perfringens

41
Q

Describe the morphology of C. perfringens

A

G+ anaerobic spore forming bacilli

42
Q

What is the pathogenicity of C. perfringens?

A

Alpha toxin, collagenase and hyaluronidase breaks down tissue and WBC

43
Q

What causes tetanus or “lockjaw”?

A

Clostridium tetani

44
Q

What are the symptoms of tetanus caused by

A

A neurotoxin, tetanospasmin, blocks release of inhibitory neurotransmitters, causing spasms

45
Q

> 50% of tetanus cases are caused by:

A

Puncture wounds

46
Q

What type of vaccine is there for tetanus?

A

Toxoid vaccine

47
Q

What organism commonly infects burn wounds?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

48
Q

Describe the morphology of P. aeruginosa

A

Motile G- bacteria that can grow aerobically or anaerobically

49
Q

What is the pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa?

A

Exotoxins damage cells + promote spread of infection and prevent healing

MMI 133 (26 decks)

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