Lower respiratory tract infections - children

Question 1

What is examples of Lower respiratory tract infection

Answer 1

Tracheatis 
Pnuemonia 
Bronchiolitis
Pertusis 
empyema

Question 2

What is common bacterial infective agents

Answer 2

Strep pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae

Question 3

What is common viral infective agents

Answer 3

RSV, parainfluenza III, influenza A and B, adenovirus

Question 4

What bacterial infection causes tracheatis - sore throat

Answer 4

Staph or Strep

Question 5

What are the symptoms of tracheatis

Answer 5

Barking cough
stridor
fever

Question 6

What is the treatment for tracheatis in infant

Answer 6

antibiotics -Augmentin

Question 7

What is the infectious agents for bronchitis

Answer 7

Haemophilus/Pneumococcus

Question 8

What is the symptoms for bronchitis

Answer 8

loose rattley cough
glut following cough
NO WHEEZE

Question 9

What is the mechanism for bronchitis

Answer 9

secondary infection caused by disturbed mucociliary clearance

Question 10

What winter is the worst for bronchitis of infants

Answer 10

The first year

Question 11

How long does bronchitis last

Answer 11

4 weeks

Question 12

What are the criteria for persistent bronchitis

Answer 12

Wet cough
more than 1 month
remission with antibiotics

Question 13

What can persistent bronchitis often be

Answer 13

asthma

Question 14

What do you treat bronchitis with

Answer 14

nothing

Question 15

What is bronchioltits

Answer 15

most common lower respiratory tract infection that affect babies under 12 months

Question 16

How long does bronchiolitis last

Answer 16

2 week history

Question 17

What is the clinical signs of bronchiolitis

Answer 17

runny nose 
shortness of breath 
poor feeding 
wheezing 
crackles

Question 18

What infectious microorganisms cause bronchiolitis

Answer 18

respiratory syncytial virus RSV usually

or para flu/HMPV

Question 19

When is bronchiolitis peak in infancy

Answer 19

3 months

Question 20

Why and why day since starting cough would you need help in bronchiolitis

Answer 20

Day 5 roughly, tongue can obstruct breathing and baby cant breathe through blocked nose so struggle to breathe

Question 21

What is the two steps in managing bronchiolitis

Answer 21

Maximal observation

Minimal intervention

Question 22

Why would a nasopharyngeal aspirate be carried out on a infant

Answer 22

to determine what kind of virus is causing a child’s respiratory infection.

Question 23

when would oxygen saturations be checked

Answer 23

when infants condition is severe

Question 24

What medications are proven to work on bronchiolitis

Answer 24

None

Question 25

What is the characteristics of a lower respiratory tract infection

Answer 25

``` 48 hrs, fever (>38.5oC), SOB, cough, grunting Reduced or bronchial breath sounds ```

Question 26

The presence of a wheeze indicates

Answer 26

bacterial cause less likely

Question 27

When would you call it pneumonia instead of LRTI

Answer 27

Signs are focal Creps High fever

Question 28

What investigation is used to confirm clinical findings

Answer 28

chest x ray

Question 29

What is the management of pneumonia in infants

Answer 29

Nothing if symptoms are mild Oral Amoxycillin first line (Oral Macrolide second choice)

Question 30

when would antibiotics be administrated as IV

Answer 30

If infant is vomiting

Question 31

What is the only RTI which antibiotics could potentially be offered as treatment

Answer 31

Pneumonia tracheitis empyema

Question 32

What is another name for common infection pertussis and what is it

Answer 32

whooping cough | coughing fits - potentially followed by vomit

Question 33

Empyema is possible complication of what

Answer 33

pneumonia

Question 34

What is empyema

Answer 34

infection in the pleural space

Question 35

what is the symptoms of empyema

Answer 35

Chest pain and very unwell

Question 36

what is the management of empyema

Answer 36

antibiotics | surgery - drainage

Question 37

Who have a better prognosis for empyema kids or adults

Answer 37

kids

Question 38

What is the best management for RTI in infants

Answer 38

Oxygenation, hydration and nutrition