Radiology of lung cancer and staging Flashcards
(56 cards)
What does your survival rate depend on in the diagnosis of lung cancer
Availability for surgery
Early diagnosis
In a chest ray what parts are visible and checked
Name/marker/rotation/ penetration
Lines/metal work
Heart
Mediastinum
Lungs
Zones (upper/middle/lower)
Bones
Diaphragm
Soft Tissues
What clinical features should you look out for in the mediastinum in a chest x ray
Hilar vascular structures should be crisply defined
No widening of mediastinum
Trachea should be central
Where is the special review areas in a chest x ray of the lungs
Hila
Lung apices
Behind the heart
Behind the diaphragm
What is a hillier mass, what does it usually indicate
abnormality in one or both of the hilar lymph nodes in the lungs, usually indicating bronchogenic carcinoma
Where is a pancost tumour located
a tumor of the pulmonary apex
What is the a similarity and difference between a pulmonary nodule and pulmonary mass
both have no enlargement of mediastinal lymph nodes
But a pulmonary mass is greater than 3cm, where a pulmonary nodule is up to 3cm
Define atelectasis
partial collapse or incomplete inflation of the lung
No all pulmonary masses or nodules can be deemed lung cancer what are the other possibilities
Metastasis
Benign lung neoplasm
Infection, bacterial, TB, fungal
Vascular haematoma
What effect do small tumour within a main area have
they have a dramatic effect
In diagnosing lung cancer with radiology what information do you need to gather
Clinical history
Compare with previous films
What diagnosis technique is particularly good in characterising lesions
CT
What does T stand for in TNM staging
How big it is and how far has it spread /Size and position of the tumour
What does N stand for in TNM staging
Whether cancer cells have spread into the lymph nodes
What does M stand for in TNM staging
Whether the tumour has spread anywhere else in the body ie metastases
What diagnostic techniques can assess T
CT
PET
Bronchoscopy
What is the diagnostic techniques to assess N
PET - CT
mediastinoscopy
EBUS/EUS - tissue diagnosis
What is the diagnostic techniques to assess M
PET - CT
Bone scan
What is a mediastinoscopy
procedure used to examine the mediastinum, good in examining lymph nodes
What is a PET scan labeled with and why is this useful
glucose analogue FDG
This is recognised by tumours as glucose which takes lots of it - failt to metabolise and accumulate it - shows up on PET scan where tumours are located
What is the disadvantage to a PET scan
Expensive
Limited
exclude cerebral diseases - brains absorbs to much glucose
What does TX stand for
Primary tumour cannot be assessed
What does T0 stand for
no evidence of primary tumour
What does Tis stand for
carcimona in situ - group of abnormal cells with the potentially to be cancerous
