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Respiratory Medicine > Lung Cancer > Flashcards

Lung Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common type of lung cancer?

A

Bronchial

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2
Q

What common cancers metastasise to the lungs?

A

Breast
Prostate
Ovarian
Renal cell

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3
Q

What are cannonball mestastases?

A

Metastases from

  • prostate
  • ovary
  • kidney

Circular ‘cannonball’ appearance on x-ray

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4
Q

What are the risk factors for lung cancer?

A 
Smoking 
Occupation (dye workers, agricultural workers)
Asbestos
Family history
Increasing age
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5
Q

What cancer is associated with asbestos?

A

Mesothelioma

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6
Q

What are the 2 broad categories of lung cancer?

A

Small cell

Non small cell

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7
Q

What is small cell lung cancer?

A

Neuroendocrine tumours that arise from Kulchitksy cells

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8
Q

What are complications of SCLC?

A

SiADH

Secondary cushing’s disease

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9
Q

What is the prognosis of SCLC?

A

Poor

- rapid growing

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10
Q

What is non small cell lung cancer?

A

Anyother type of lung cancer

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11
Q

What are the types of NSCLC?

A 
Squamous
Adenocarcinoma
Large cell
Carcinoid
Bronchoalveolar
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12
Q

How does sqaumous NSCLC present?

A

Obstructive lesions of bronchus

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13
Q

Where does squamous NSCLC spread?

A

Locally

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14
Q

How does adenocarcinoma NSCLC present?

A

Mucous cells

Invasion of pleura and mediastinal lymph nodes

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15
Q

What is adenocarcinoma NSCLC associated with?

A

Asbestos

Non-smokers

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16
Q

Where does adenocarcinoma NSCLC spread?

A

Brain

Bone

17
Q

What is the presentation of lung cancer?

A

Cough
SoB
Chest pain
Haemoptysis

Weight loss
Fever
Night sweats

18
Q

What are the complications of lung cancer?

A

Horner’s syndrome
Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy
SVC obstruction

19
Q

What is Horner’s syndrome?

A

Interuption of face’s sympathetic supply due to apical tumour

20
Q

What are the symptoms of Horner’s syndrome?

A

Ipsilateral

  • ptosis - droopy eyelid
  • miosis - pupil constriction
  • enopthalmos - sunken eye
  • anhydrosis - lack of sweating
21
Q

What is the sign of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy?

A

Hoarse voice

22
Q

What are signs of SVC obstruction?

A

Swollen face
Swollen arms
Dyspnoea

23
Q

What are investigations for suspected lung cancer?

A 
ECG
CXR
Bloods - FBC, U+Es, CRP
CT CAP
Bronchoscopy 
Biopsy
24
Q

How is the diagnosis of lung cancer made?

A

Good imaging + biopsy

25
Q

How can biopsies be taken?

A

Fine needle aspirate
Core biopsy
Bronchoalveolar lavage

26
Q

How is NSCLC staged?

A

TMN

27
Q

How is NSCLC managed?

A

Smoking cessation
MDT

Chemotherapy (stages 1-4)
Radiotherapy (stages 1-3)
Surgery (stages 1-2)

28
Q

How SCLC staged?

A

Limited stage

Extensive stage

29
Q

What is limited stage SCLC?

A

Cancer in only 1 part of chest

30
Q

What is extensive stage SCLC?

A

Spread further around lungs/body

31
Q

How is SCLC managed?

A

Chemotherapy

Limited stage = cisplatin

Extensive = platinum

Respiratory Medicine (18 decks)

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