lymph

Question 1

Which function is carried out by all lymphoid tissues and organs?

A. Filtration of Lymph
B. Filtration of Blood
C. Destruction of old erythrocytes
D. Maturation & Production of lymphocytes

Answer 1

D. Maturation & Production of lymphocytes

Question 2

Which Cell type gives rise to both memory and plasma cells associated with adaptive immunity?

Answer 2

B Lymphocytes

Question 3

Which description is true of all secondary (peripheral) lymphoid organs?
A. Contain lymphoid nodules
B. contain crypts
C. lack connective tissue capsules
D. capable of antigen-independent lymphocyte maturation.

Answer 3

A. Contain lymphoid nodules

Question 4

Which structure would be the most heavily populated with T lymphocytes?
A. germinal centers
B. Splenic arterioles
C. Paracortex of lymph node
D. splenic cords

Answer 4

C. Paracortex of lymph node

Question 5

Which is NOT a function of Thymic epithelial cells in the thymus?
A. Make a frame work for the organ
B. secrete hormones
C. filter the entering lymph
D. give rise to hassall’s corpuscles

Answer 5

C. filter the entering lymph

Question 6

Which type of immune cells can secrete atibodies?
A. Natural killer cells
B. Plasma cells
C. T crytotoxic cells
D. macrophages

Answer 6

B. Plasma cells

Question 7

Where are Hassall’s Corpuscles found?

Answer 7

Thymic Medulla

Question 8

What type of immunity do you find neutrophils, macrophages and natural killer cells?

Answer 8

Innate Immunity

Question 9

B and T lymphocytes are part of what type of immune defense?

Answer 9

Adaptive

Question 10

The bone marrow gives rise to only B lymphocytes? T or F

Answer 10

False.
Bone marrow contains mostly B lymphocytes, but is the primary lymphoid tissue of both.

Question 11

What cell has independent and dependent maturation? And where do these occur?

Answer 11

B lymphocytes.
Independent= bone marrow
Dependent= peripheral organs in germinal centers of lymph nodules

Question 12

Where do T lymphoctyes mature?

Answer 12

Thymus

Question 13

B cells are also found in the thymus just in small quantity. T or F

Answer 13

False.
Thymus is 100% T cells

Question 14

B lymphocytes become plasma cells and they produce antibodies. What happens next with the antibodies?

Answer 14

Antibodies bind to antigens and neutralize foreign cells and promote phagocytoses to eliminate them.

Question 15

T lymphocytes are further differentiated into T helper and T cytotoxic cells. What are each of their rolls.

Answer 15

T Helper= help B cells make antibodies and activate phagocytosis.
T Cytotoxic= kill infected cells and stop infections from spreading

Question 16

What are the primary and secondary lymphoid tissues?

Answer 16

Primary= bone marrow and thymus
Secondary= lymph nodes, spleen and MALT (tonsils, adenoids, peyer’s patches and appendix)

Question 17

What does ERC stand for, what is the function, and where would it be found?

Answer 17

Epithelial reticular cells
They are fibroblast like and help create a framework.
Found in the spleen and tonsils.

Question 18

Large white adipose cells will be found in media of what lymphoid tissue?

Answer 18

Bone marrow

Question 19

In the bone marrow, B cells differentiate to many clones with different antigens, and then delete those that are self presenting. What is this process called?

Answer 19

Independent maturation

Question 20

After independent maturation in the bone marrow, B cells go through what process prior to being sent to secondary lymphoid tissues where dependent maturation occurs. (where and antigen is identified and plasma cells produce antibodies)

what is the process called?

Answer 20

Clonal or Negative selection.

Question 21

TEC stands for what, what do they do and where are they found?

Answer 21

Thymic epithelial cells found in the thymus.
Create a framework (much like ERC’s) and secret hormones to help regulate T cell maturation.

Question 22

Where are Hassall’s corpuscles found, what is their function, and what is a key identifying feature?

Answer 22

Thymus medulla
Elimination of self reacting cells
Spiral like arrangement of dead TEC

Question 23

When looking at an image of the thymus, the cortex is more blue and the medulla is more pink. What cell ratios make this happen?

Answer 23

Cortex has increased amount T cells that stain more blue, whereas the medulla has more TEC staining more pink and less concentration of T cells compared to the cortex.

Question 24

A lymph nodule in the cortex of a lymph node will have a germinal center and mantle zone. What type of cell is found here and what is happening in the nodule?

Answer 24

B cells are found in lymph nodules.
Developing B cells are found in the germinal center and when mature migrate to the mantle zone.

Question 25

In a lymph node, where are T cells found? And how did they get there?

Answer 25

Paracortex Blood vessles

Question 26

What type of cell is found in the medulla of a lymph node?

Answer 26

Macrophages

Question 27

Where do blood vessels enter and exit the lymph node?

Answer 27

Hilum

Question 28

Trabecular sinuses are found in what secondary lymphoid tissues?

Answer 28

lymph nodes, spleen, and tonsils (crypts)

Question 29

What organ filters blood borne pathogens?

Answer 29

Spleen

Question 30

What are lymph nodules in the spleen called?

Answer 30

White pulp

Question 31

Blood vessels travel through spleen tissue via A. The enter B. to pass through white pulp Pass through white pulp and branch into C. and continue though capillaries as D.

Answer 31

A. Trabecular arteries B. Central arteriole C. Penicillar arteriole D. Trabecular veins

Question 32

What is the role of Penicillar arterioles?

Answer 32

Unhealthy, damaged, nonflexible RBC cannot pass through so they are filtered out and then eaten up by macrophages.

Question 33

The spleen has a medulla and cortex like lymph nodes and the thymus. T or F

Answer 33

False It just has white pulp and red pulp

Question 34

How can you identify an adenoid from a tonsil?

Answer 34

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 35

Adenoids are also known as?

Answer 35

Pharyngeal/ nasopharyngeal tonsil

Question 36

What type of epithelium is found in tonsils?

Answer 36

Stratified squamous

Question 37

What is a key identifying feature of Peyer's Patches?

Answer 37

lymph nodules on one side

Question 38

What is the roll of microfold/m cells? And where are they found?

Answer 38

Allow passage of antigens from lumen of intestine to the Peyer's Patches. They are found above Peyer's Patches in the ileum.

Question 39

T/F Hassall's corpuscles are made of old keratinized epithelial reticular cells (ERC).

Answer 39

True

Question 40

T/F Central arterioles of the spleen are the location for blood filtering and macrophage led pathogen elimination.

Answer 40

False

Question 41

T/F Lymph nodes function to eliminate blood born pathogens.

Answer 41

False

Question 42

T/F Malt is found in the respiratory tract.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

T/F Bone marrow is a primary lymphoid tissue.

Answer 43

True

Question 44

T/F Neutrophils and natural killer cells are a part of the the adaptive immunity.

Answer 44

False

Question 45

T/F Innate immune system is considered to be more primitive in its origin.

Answer 45

True

Question 46

T/F Clonal selection is an essential process for the production of macrophages.

Answer 46

False

Question 47

T/F Thymus increases in size with age throughout life.

Answer 47

False

Question 48

T/F TEC's secrete hormones that support the development of T lymphocytes.

Answer 48

True

Question 49

T/F Microfold cells are found with all MALT.

Answer 49

False

Question 50

T/F Germinal centers are rich in immature B lymphocytes.

Answer 50

True

Question 51

What are the 4 types of tonsils?

Answer 51

Palatine, Lingual, tubule, Nasopharyngeal

Question 52

What tissue contains immune centers and participates in antigen collecting?

Answer 52

Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

Question 53

What kind of epithelium will you find in palatine tonsil?

Answer 53

Stratified Squamous epithelium

Question 54

Where will you find Adenoid Tissue?

Answer 54

Back of nose and roof of nasopharynx (Pharyngeal tonsils)

Question 55

What kind of epithelium would you find in pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)?

Answer 55

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 56

T/F There are crypts in the pharyngeal tonsil tissue?

Answer 56

False

Question 57

This type of cell will allow antigens to pass through from lumin to the lymph nodule.

Answer 57

Microfold cell

Question 58

Name the tissue. What is A?

Answer 58

Bone Marrow White adipose

Question 59

Name that Tissue. Purple stained area and cells? Pink area and cells?

Answer 59

Thymus - cortex | High amount of T lymphocytes & TEC - Medulla | Low amount of lymphocytes & TEC

Question 60

Answer 60

Thymic Cortex E: TEC (thymic epithelial cell)

Question 61

Tissue? Label: Capsule, cortex, paracortex, medulla, hilus, trabeculae, subscapular sinus, lymph nodules, germinal center, & Medullary cords

Answer 61

Lymph Node

Question 62

Tissue? Label everything you see.

Answer 62

Lymph Node

Question 63

Tissue?

Answer 63

Spleen

Question 64

Tissue?

Answer 64

Spleen

Question 65

Tissue? What is A?

Answer 65

Spleen (white Pulp) A: Central artery

Question 66

Tissue? What is in the middle?

Answer 66

Spleen (White Pulp)

Question 67

Tissue Label

Answer 67

Spleen White pulp, Red Pulp, Germinal center, Cetnral arteriol

Question 68

Tissue?

Answer 68

Palatine Tonsil

Question 69

Tissue?

Answer 69

Lingual Tonsil

Question 70

Answer 70

Microfold cell (M Cell)

Question 71

Answer 71

Peyer's Patch Large nodule with germinal center