M3: Analysis Automation (Part 1: Introduction and Automated Instruments in Urinalysis)

Question 1

Why do we need automation in the laboratory?

a. Increase productivity
b. Minimize human errors
c. both
d. neither

Answer 1

c. both

Question 2

What are the 3 major variable in urinalysis

as provided by ma’am gia

Answer 2

1. Lab personnel timing
2. Interpretation of color reaction
3. Correct color readings

time, interpretation and reading of color

Question 3

Major Variables in Urinalysis

T or F

in chemical analysis, color biases (human errors) can happen among different lab personnel

Answer 3

F (physical analysis) technically tama pa rin to sinceyung color nung strip pwede rin magka error

Question 4

T or F

Analysis Automation improves reproducibility of results and color discrimination while increasing productivity to standardize the reporting of results

Answer 4

T

Question 5

T or F

Automation is not only for body fluids

Answer 5

T

Question 6

Ultimate goal of urinalysis except:

a. Improved reproducibility
b. Color discrimination
c. Widely increased productivity
d. Varying reporting of urinalysis results
e. NONE

Answer 6

d. Varying reporting of urinalysis results

SHOULD BE

STANDARDIZED reporting of urinalysis results

Question 7

Familiarize the ultimate goal of urinalysis

Answer 7

• Improved reproducibility
• Color discrimination
• Widely increased productivity
• Standardized reporting of urinalysis results

Question 8

Familiarize the advantages of automation

Answer 8

• Standardize sample processing
• Report results with consistent quality
• Increase productivity
• Online computer capability with an LIS interface
• Barcoding
• Printed report
• Flagging abnormal results
• Storing patient and control results
• Minimal calibration, cleaning, and maintenance

Question 9

Advantages of automation

Identify what advantages of automation:

minimize errors produced by personnel (e.g. time and color interpretation)

Answer 9

Increased productivity

Question 10

Advantages of automation

Identify what advantages of automation:

• Laboratory information system
• Inputting compiled patient information/results to the system especially when dealing with different departments

Answer 10

Online computer capability with an LIS interface

Question 11

Advantages of automation

Identify what advantages of automation:

Helps reduce patient misidentifications when it comes to samples

Answer 11

barcoding

Question 12

Advantages of automation

Identify what advantages of automation:

Results generated by the machine

Answer 12

printed report

Question 13

Advantages of automation

Meaning of LIS?

Online computer capability with an LIS interface

Answer 13

Laboratory Information System

Question 14

Uses the principle that light reflection from the test pads decreases in proportion to the intensity of the color produced by the concentration of the test substance

Answer 14

Reflectance photometry

Question 15

Reflectance photometry

(Directly or Inversely proportional)

Light reflection of test pads and Intensity of color produced by concentrationn

Answer 15

Inversely proportional?????

Question 16

Reflectance photometry

Darker color = ?

effect to reflected light

Answer 16

Darker color = less light reflected

Question 17

Reflectance photometry

Lighter color = ?

effect to reflected light

Answer 17

Lighter color = more light reflected

Question 18

Reflectance photometry

Familiarize the components of reflectance photometry

Answer 18

• Monochromatic light source w/ filter
• Light emitting diode
• Photodetector

Question 19

Reflectance photometry

All are components of reflectance photometry except

a. monochromator
b. filter
c. LED
d. photodetector
e. analog/digital converted
f. macroprocessor
g. ALL
h. NOTA

Answer 19

f. macroprocessor

should be MICROPROCESSOR

Question 20

Reflectance photometry

Identify what component of reflectance photometry:

provides a specific wavelength for each test with a test pad color reaction (test pad surface)

Answer 20

Light emitting diode (LED)

Question 21

Reflectance photometry

• Receives light coming from the photodetector
• Compares the reflected light to a standard already embedded in the machine

Answer 21

Analog/digital converter

Question 22

Sequence of process of reflectance photometry?

Answer 22

1. Light from LED
2. Light to test pad surface
3. Detection of reflection through photodetector
4. Analogoue-digital converter receives refelction and compares to standard
5. Goes through microprocessor
6. Result

Question 23

Arrange the sequence of equipments for reflectance photometry:

a. Detector
b. LED
c. Microprocessor
d. Test pad surface
e. Analogue-digital converter

Answer 23

(1) LED → (2) Test pad surface → (3) Detector → (4) Analogue-digital converter → (5) Microprocessor → RESULT

Question 24

What are the types of Automated Instruments in Urinalysis?

Answer 24

1. Semiautomated instruments
2. Fully automated chemistry analyzer
3. Automated urine cell microscopy analyzers
4. Fully automated urine systems

Question 25

# types of Automated Instruments in Urinalysis * depends on an operator for mixing, test strip dipping, and microscopic results input * operator presses the “analyzeˮ button

Answer 25

semiautomated instruments

Question 26

# types of Automated Instruments in Urinalysis * tubes are placed on a rack/carousel and are moved automatically through the instrument * can be incorporated into automated urine cell microscopy analyzers to make it fully automated

Answer 26

fully automated chemistry analyzer

Question 27

# types of Automated Instruments in Urinalysis * mix aspirate, dilute, and stain urine to classify urine sediment particles * not considered a “full/complete urinalysisˮ since it only examines 1 phase of the testing procedure

Answer 27

Automated urine cell microscopy analyzers

Question 28

# types of Automated Instruments in Urinalysis Integrates a fully automated chemistry analyzer with an automated urine cell microscopy analyzer (comes with a chemical and microscopic component)

Answer 28

fully automated urine systems

Question 29

# types of Automated Instruments in Urinalysis Which of the following is NOT a job of the operator a. specimen mixing b. generates result c. reagent strip dipping d. clicks analyzer button e. ALL f. NOTA | semiautomated instruments

Answer 29

b. generates result | job yan nung instrument

Question 30

# types of Automated Instruments in Urinalysis This integrate fully automated chemistry analyzer with automated urine cell microscopy analyzer a. fully automated chemistry analyzer b. automated urine cell microscopy analyzers c. both d. NOTA

Answer 30

d. NOTA | Fully automated urine systems is the correct answer

Question 31

# types of Automated Instruments in Urinalysis Reads reagent strip results a. fully automated chemistry analyzer b. automated urine cell microscopy analyzers c. fully automated urine systems d. a and b e. a and c f. ALL g. NOTA

Answer 31

e. a and c

Question 32

# types of Automated Instruments in Urinalysis ONLY reads reagent strip results a. fully automated chemistry analyzer b. automated urine cell microscopy analyzers c. fully automated urine systems d. a and b e. and c f. ALL g. NOTA

Answer 32

a. fully automated chemistry analyzer

Question 33

# types of Automated Instruments in Urinalysis ONLY classifies urine sediment particles a. fully automated chemistry analyzer b. automated urine cell microscopy analyzers c. fully automated urine systems d. a and b e. and c f. ALL g. NOTA

Answer 33

b. automated urine cell microscopy analyzers

Question 34

# types of Automated Instruments in Urinalysis classify urine sediment particles a. fully automated chemistry analyzer b. automated urine cell microscopy analyzers c. fully automated urine systems d. a and b e. b and c f. ALL g. NOTA

Answer 34

e. b and c